{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:48:02Z","timestamp":1791546482896,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":304,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T16:50:07Z","timestamp":1402937407000},"page":"1911-1929","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Risk Factors for Serious Prescription Opioid-Related Toxicity or Overdose among Veterans Health Administration Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Zedler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Vick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furaha","family":"Kariburyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Baser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenn","family":"Murrelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.272"},{"issue":"43","key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.2","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Vital signs: Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers\u2014United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.3","unstructured":"SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit: Information for Prescribers. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4742."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2010.02.001"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.5","unstructured":"Stephens E Louden M VanDe Voort J Opioid Toxicity: Medscape. 2012. Available at: http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/815784-overview (accessed December 2013); updated October 23, 2012, accessed December 8 2013."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1833"},{"issue":"1","key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.7","first-page":"10","article-title":"CDC Grand Rounds. Prescription Drug Overdoses\u2014A US Epidemic","volume":"61","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2010\/13\/401","article-title":"Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: A ten-year perspective","volume":"13","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.01.027"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.027"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.09.020"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.12","unstructured":"Warner M Chen LH Makuc DM Anderson RN Minino AM . Drug poisoning deaths in the United States, 1980\u20132008. NCHS Data Brief 2011;(81):1\u20138."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01260.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199703000-00003"},{"issue":"26","key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.15","first-page":"537","article-title":"Vital Signs. Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers and other drugs among women\u2014United States, 1999\u20132010","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01518.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060600"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02650.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490802544938"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.802"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.370"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.22","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: volume 1: summary of national findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2010."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.23","unstructured":"Coolen P Best S . Overdose Deaths Involving Prescription Opioids Among Medicaid Enrollees\u2014Washington, 2004\u20132007. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009 Contract No.: 42."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.07.007"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00006"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.26","unstructured":"Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations. Safe use of opioids in hospitals: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations. 2012. Available at: http:\/\/www.jointcommission.org\/assets\/1\/18\/SEA_49_opioids_8_2_12_final.pdf (accessed December 2013)."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01134.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-160-1-201401070-00732","article-title":"Opioid prescribing: A systematic review and critical appraisal of guidelines for chronic pain","volume":"160","author":"Nuckols","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.273"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.08.002"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.31","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/icd9\/icd9cm_guidelines_2011.pdf (accessed November 2013)."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.01.006"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baser O Xie L Mardekian J Prevalence of Diagnosed Opioid Abuse and its Economic Burden in the Veterans Health Administration. Pain Pract 2013.","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12097"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.02.432"},{"issue":"5","key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26908","article-title":"Chronic opioid use is a risk factor for the development of central sleep apnea and ataxic breathing","volume":"3","author":"Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie L Joshi AV Schaaf D Differences in Healthcare Utilization and Associated Costs Between Patients Prescribed vs. Nonprescribed Opioids During an Inpatient or Emergency Department Visit. Pain Pract 2013.","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12098"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318169d03b"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.v07n0301"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.39","unstructured":"Miaskowski C Bair M Chou R D'Arcy Y Hartwick C Huffman L , et al., Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain. Sixth ed. Glenview, IL: American Pain Society; 2008. p. 19\u201338."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.40","unstructured":"Fine PG Portenoy RK . A Clinical Guide to Opioid Analgesia. Minneapolis: McGraw Hill; 2004."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.41","unstructured":"Technical Assistance Guide No. 01-13: Calculating Daily Morphine Milligram Equivalents: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.pdmpassist.org\/pdf\/BJA_performance_measure_aid_MME_conversion.pdf (accessed March 2014). updated Feb 28 2013."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.42","unstructured":"Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. Technical Assistance Guide No. 02-13: Daily Morphine Milligram Equivalents Calculator and Guide.: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.pdmpassist.org\/pdf\/bja_performance_measure_aid_mme_conversion_tool.pdf (accessed March 2014). updated May 1 2013."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.672402"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.44","unstructured":"SAS. 9.3. SAS Institute. Cary, NC. 2013."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.027"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2225-z"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.704023"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.1.91"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/24.3.569"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S50505","article-title":"Does marriage protect against hospitalization with pneumonia? A population-based case-control study","volume":"5","author":"Mor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.49.6489"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.10993.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.53","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction. Older Adults. Available at: www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/prescription-drugs\/trends-in-prescription-drug-abuse\/older-adults (accessed October 2013)."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02376.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.10.008"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00200.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.234"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.58","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. FDA Blueprint for Prescriber Education for Extended-Release and Long-Acting Opioid Analgesics. US Food and Drug Administration. 2013."},{"issue":"26","key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.59","first-page":"493","article-title":"Vital Signs: Risk for overdose from methadone used for pain relief\u2014United States, 1999\u20132010","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.60","first-page":"e13","article-title":"Trends in opioid use and dosing among socio-economically disadvantaged patients","volume":"5","author":"Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.06.002"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15360280903332302"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.06.004"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01357.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.119560"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000236321.94271.f8"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00294-9"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.68","unstructured":"US Veterans' Health Affairs Administration. Veterans Administration\/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.va.gov\/painmanagement\/docs\/cpg_opioidtherapy_fulltext.pdf (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-004-0720-4"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.70","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration. Tramadol, Drug and Chemical Evaluation. US Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control. August 29 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/drug_chem_info\/tramadol.pdf (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.71","unstructured":"Tramadol Label. Daily Med: Current Medication Information. National Library of Medicine. Available at: http:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/lookup.cfm?setid=45f59e6f-1794-40a4-8f8b-3a9415924468 (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.72","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12183"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01128.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.100187"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00486.x"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.14205"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.78","unstructured":"Wheeler E Davidson PJ Jones TS Irwin KS . Community-Based Opioid Overdose Prevention Programs Providing Naloxone\u2014United States, 2010. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012."},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.136937"},{"key":"2016030723412008000_15.11.1911.80","unstructured":"American Medical Association. AMA Adopts New Policies at Annual Meeting: American Medical Association. 2012. Available at: https:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/ama\/pub\/news\/news\/2012-06-19-ama-adopts-new-policies.page (accessed December 2013)."}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/15\/11\/1911\/5196520\/15-11-1911.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T10:27:54Z","timestamp":1746268074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1111\/pme.12480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pme.12480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pme.12480","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}}}