{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:19:59Z","timestamp":1791357599269,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective. Patients with fibromyalgia report periods of symptom exacerbation, colloquially referred to as \u201cflares\u201d and despite clinical observation of flares, no research has purposefully evaluated the presence and characteristics of flares in fibromyalgia. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe fibromyalgia flares in a sample of patients with fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. Using seven open-ended questions, patients were asked to describe how they perceived fibromyalgia flares and triggers and alleviating factors associated with flares. Patients were also asked to describe how a flare differs from their typical fibromyalgia symptoms and how they cope with fibromyalgia flares. Content analysis was used to analyze the text.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. A total of 44 participants completed the survey. Responses to the seven open-ended questions revealed three main content areas: causes of flares, flare symptoms, and dealing with a flare. Participants identified stress, overdoing it, poor sleep, and weather changes as primary causes of flares. Symptoms characteristic of flares included flu-like body aches\/exhaustion, pain, fatigue, and variety of other symptoms. Participants reported using medical treatments, rest, activity and stress avoidance, and waiting it out to cope with flares.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that periods of symptom exacerbation (i.e., flares) are commonly experienced by patients with fibromyalgia and symptoms of flares can be differentiated from every day or typical symptoms of fibromyalgia. Our study is the first of its kind to qualitatively explore characteristics, causes, and management strategies of fibromyalgia flares. Future studies are needed to quantitatively characterize fibromyalgia flares and evaluate mechanisms of flares.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T00:26:49Z","timestamp":1421195209000},"page":"463-468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Fibromyalgia Flares: A Qualitative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ann","family":"Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"**Division of General Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary O.","family":"Whipple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Division of General Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori M.","family":"Rhudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020 Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"\u2021 School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400905","article-title":"Health status and disease severity in fibromyalgia: Results of a six-center longitudinal study","volume":"40","author":"Wolfe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380104","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population","volume":"38","author":"Wolfe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773806291853","article-title":"Individuals' descriptions of living with fibromyalgia","volume":"15","author":"Cunningham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03501.x","article-title":"Strategies used for managing symptoms by women with fibromyalgia","volume":"21","author":"Kengen Traska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12020","article-title":"\u201cA giant mess\u201d\u2014Making sense of complexity in the accounts of people with fibromyalgia","volume":"18","author":"Dennis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Living with Fibromyalgia: The Salience of Clinical Subgroups. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences","author":"Breland","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12056","article-title":"Construction of a US fibromyalgia registry using the Fibromyalgia Research Survey Criteria","volume":"6","author":"Whipple","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100594","article-title":"Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: A dodification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia","volume":"38","author":"Wolfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2025112802165054700_pme.12676-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness","volume":"24","author":"Graneheim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpme.12676","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/17\/3\/463\/65587111\/painmedicine_17_3_463.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/17\/3\/463\/65587111\/painmedicine_17_3_463.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T07:17:01Z","timestamp":1764314221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/17\/3\/463\/1888231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pme.12676","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-4637","1526-2375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]}}}