{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:06:17Z","timestamp":1787162777363,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002076","name":"Emergency Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective. To characterize emergency department (ED) patients' knowledge and beliefs about the addictive potential of opioids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design. Mixed methods analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Setting. Urban academic ED (&amp;gt;88,000 visits).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Subjects. One hundred and seventy four discharged ED patients prescribed hydrocodone-acetaminophen for acute pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. The study analyzed data collected from a randomized controlled trial investigating patients' knowledge of opioids. ED patients discharged with hydrocodone-acetaminophen completed an audio-recorded phone interview 4\u20137 days later. This analysis focuses on responses about addiction. Responses were categorized using content analysis; thematic analysis identified broad themes common across different categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. Participants\u2019 mean age was 45.5 years (SD, 14.8), 58.6% female, 50.6% white, and the majority had an orthopedic diagnosis (24.1% back pain, 52.3% other injuries). Responses were categorized first based on whether the patient believed that opioids could be addictive (categorized as: yes, 58.7%; no, 19.5%; depends, 17.2%; or do not know, 4.6%), and second based on whether or not the patient discussed his\/her own experience with the medication (categorized as: personalized, 35.6%; or not personalized, 64.4%). Cohen's Kappa was 0.84 for all categories. Three themes emerged in the thematic analysis: theme 1) patients expect to \u201cfeel\u201d addicted if they are addicted, theme 2) patients fear addiction, and theme 3) side effects affected patient views of addiction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion. In this sample, patients had misconceptions about opioid addiction. Some patients did not know opioids could be addictive, others underestimated their personal risk of addiction, and others overtly feared addiction and, therefore, risked inadequate pain management. Despite limited data, we recommend providers discuss opioid addiction with their patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T14:20:48Z","timestamp":1441203648000},"page":"114-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Emergency Department Patient Perspectives on the Risk of Addiction to Prescription Opioids"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Conrardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"**Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; \u2020Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Lank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; \u2020Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenzie A.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021 Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; \u2020Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Chevrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; \u2020Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; \u2020Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Ahlstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; \u2020Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021 Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"\u00a7 Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Health Literacy and Learning Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Mark","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; \u2020Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; \u2020Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"\u00a7 Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Health Literacy and Learning Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v27n01_01","article-title":"The epidemiologic association between opioid prescribing, non-medical use, and emergency department visits","volume":"27","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1011512","article-title":"A flood of opioids, a rising tide of deaths","volume":"363","author":"Okie","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1276","article-title":"Increasing deaths from opioid analgesics in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Paulozzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.071647","article-title":"Opioid analgesic involvement in drug abuse deaths in American metropolitan areas","volume":"96","author":"Paulozzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B5","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Vital signs: Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers\u2014United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease C, Prevention","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug poisoning deaths in the United States, 1980-2008","volume":"81","author":"Warner","year":"2011","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2165\/11630040-000000000-00000","article-title":"Barriers to pain management: Focus on opioid therapy","volume":"32","author":"Zuccaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00243-9","article-title":"Patient-related barriers to pain management: The barriers questionnaire II (BQ-II)","volume":"99","author":"Gunnarsdottir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.06.015","article-title":"Patient-related barriers to pain management: The Icelandic Barriers Questionnaire II","volume":"29","author":"Gunnarsdottir","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00868.x","article-title":"Reasons for under-use of prescribed opioid medications by patients in pain","volume":"11","author":"Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200106000-00008","article-title":"Surgical patients' fear of addiction to pain medication: The effect of an educational program for clinicians","volume":"17","author":"Greer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B12","article-title":"Shots: Health news from NPR [Internet]","volume-title":"Americans Weigh Addiction Risk When Taking Painkillers","author":"Hensley","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2013.01.003","article-title":"Patient attitudes and beliefs regarding pain medication after cardiac surgery: Barriers to adequate pain management","volume":"15","author":"Cogan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.06.004","article-title":"A prospective analysis of pain experience, beliefs and attitudes, and pain management of a cohort of Danish surgical patients","volume":"16","author":"Lorentzen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12499","article-title":"Patient recall of health care provider counseling for opioid-acetaminophen prescriptions","volume":"15","author":"McCarthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.10.008","article-title":"Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain","volume":"10","author":"Chou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12600","article-title":"Improving patient knowledge and safe use of opioids: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000182","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of patient-centered strategies to improve FDA medication guides","volume":"52","author":"Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B19","first-page":"391","article-title":"Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine: A shortened screening instrument","volume":"25","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B22","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Procedures and Techniques for Generating Grounded Theory","author":"Strauss","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318193a6c4","article-title":"Does report of craving opioid medication predict aberrant drug behavior among chronic pain patients?","volume":"25","author":"Wasan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1046","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1782","article-title":"Prevalence of opioid adverse events in chronic non-malignant pain: Systematic review of randomised trials of oral opioids","volume":"7","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(10)70693-9","article-title":"Characteristics of pain patients with opioid-use disorder","volume":"51","author":"Haller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2007.0045","article-title":"Psychological factors as predictors of opioid abuse and illicit drug use in chronic pain patients","volume":"3","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Opioid Manag"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.1827","article-title":"Long-term analgesic use after low-risk surgery: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"172","author":"Alam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04005.x","article-title":"Development of dependence following treatment with opioid analgesics for pain relief: A systematic review","volume":"108","author":"Minozzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2025112801564950700_pme12862-B29","first-page":"104:2023\u20139","article-title":"Moving beyond misuse and diversion: The urgent need to consider the role of iatrogenic addiction in the current opioid epidemic","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpme.12862","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/17\/1\/114\/65586479\/painmedicine_17_1_114.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/17\/1\/114\/65586479\/painmedicine_17_1_114.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T06:56:57Z","timestamp":1764313017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/17\/1\/114\/1752606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pme.12862","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-4637","1526-2375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}}}