{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:28:08Z","timestamp":1761676088893},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Labour induction and caesarean are increasingly done without clinical indication. However, little is known about the prevalence of such interventions, or the characteristics of women who receive them. We used the 2003 revision of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> birth certificates to summarise recorded interventions and to characterise maternal profiles associated with such interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We carried out a retrospective study of 2.35 million primiparous women delivering singleton live births at 37\u201344 weeks in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> from 2005 to 2008. We used the 2003 revision of the birth certificate to define delivery categories: \u2018indicated\u2019 were those with induced labour or pre\u2010labour caesarean for hypertension, diabetes, chorioamnionitis, failed cephalic version at \u226540 weeks, growth restriction (&lt;3rd centile), or post\u2010term (\u226542 weeks); those with pre\u2010labour caesarean with breech at \u226539 weeks; or those with caesarean with labour lasting \u226512\u2009h, failed trial of labour, vacuum\/forceps extraction, or fetal intolerance to labour. Remaining deliveries with induction\/caesarean were classified as \u2018non\u2010indicated\u2019 and all other deliveries \u2018spontaneous\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Half of all term first births (50%) were delivered after intervention, and half of interventions were non\u2010indicated (26% of all deliveries). Women with interventions were more likely to deliver on a weekday. Non\u2010indicated interventions were more common among socially advantaged women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nearly a quarter of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> term first deliveries had an indicated intervention, and another quarter received intervention without a recorded clinical indication. Both numbers are probably underestimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T16:48:58Z","timestamp":1374770938000},"page":"442-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Obstetrical Interventions for Term First Deliveries in the <scp>US<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Cande V.","family":"Ananth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen J.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH  Research Triangle Park NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Gyamfi\u2010Bannerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181b48ef5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318068646a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68704-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent trends in cesarean delivery in the United States","volume":"35","author":"Menacker F","year":"2010","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.180570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2007.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"MartinJA HamiltonBE VenturaSJ OstermanMJK WilsonEC MathewsTJ.Births: Final data for 2010.National vital statistics reports; vol 61 no 1. 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