{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:55:37Z","timestamp":1791147337435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]],"date-time":"2013-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Cerebral palsy (CP<\/jats:styled-content>) is a common motor disability in childhood. We examined the association between maternal infections during pregnancy and the risk of congenital CP<\/jats:styled-content> in the child.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Liveborn singletons in D<\/jats:styled-content>enmark between 1997 and 2003 were identified from the D<\/jats:styled-content>anish N<\/jats:styled-content>ational B<\/jats:styled-content>irth R<\/jats:styled-content>egistry and followed from 1 year of life until 2008. Redemption of antibiotics from the N<\/jats:styled-content>ational R<\/jats:styled-content>egister of M<\/jats:styled-content>edicinal P<\/jats:styled-content>roduct S<\/jats:styled-content>tatistics and maternal infections reported by the N<\/jats:styled-content>ational H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital R<\/jats:styled-content>egister were used as markers of maternal infection during pregnancy. CP<\/jats:styled-content> diagnoses were obtained from the D<\/jats:styled-content>anish C<\/jats:styled-content>erebral P<\/jats:styled-content>alsy R<\/jats:styled-content>egistry. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>) were estimated by C<\/jats:styled-content>ox proportional hazard models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of the 440\u2009564 singletons with follow\u2010up data, 840 were diagnosed with congenital CP<\/jats:styled-content>. Maternal genito\u2010urinary tract infections (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.1, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.4, 3.2) were associated with CP<\/jats:styled-content> in all births, in term births (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.9, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.1, 3.2), in children with spastic CP<\/jats:styled-content> (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.1, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.4, 3.3), and among first\u2010born children (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.9, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.4, 3.3). Overall, we found associations between redeemed nitrofurantoin (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.7, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.1, 2.8) and CP<\/jats:styled-content>. Among trimester\u2010specific exposures, CP<\/jats:styled-content> risk was associated with prescriptions redeemed in the first trimester for any antibacterials, beta\u2010lactam antibacterials, and nitrofurantoin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat lower urinary tract infection, and genito\u2010urinary tract infections in the third trimester.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Genito\u2010urinary tract infections and antibiotic use during pregnancy were associated with increased risks of CP<\/jats:styled-content>, indicating that some maternal infections or causes of maternal infections present in prenatal life may be part of a causal pathway leading to CP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:24:09Z","timestamp":1381544649000},"page":"542-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Maternal Infections during Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy: A Population\u2010based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Henning","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elani","family":"Streja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodil H.","family":"Bech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marshalyn","family":"Yeargin\u2010Allsopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Van Naarden Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana E.","family":"Schendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Uldall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Cerebral Palsy Registry National Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles CA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"The Danish Cerebral Palsy Registry. 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