{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:19:44Z","timestamp":1790709584314,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,9]],"date-time":"2013-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["Contracts numbers: HHSN275200800002I, HHSN27500004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contracts numbers: HHSN275200800002I, HHSN27500004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nulliparity is associated with lower birthweight, but few studies have examined how within\u2010mother changes in risk factors impact this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used longitudinal electronic medical record data from a hospital\u2010based cohort of consecutive singleton live births from 2002\u20132010 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>tah. To reduce bias from unobserved pregnancies, primary analyses were limited to 9484 women who entered nulliparous from 2002\u20132004, with 23\u2009380 pregnancies up to parity 3. Unrestricted secondary analyses used 101\u2009225 pregnancies from 45\u2009212 women with pregnancies up to parity 7. We calculated gestational age and sex\u2010specific birthweight z\u2010scores with nulliparas as the reference. Using linear mixed models, we estimated birthweight z\u2010score by parity adjusting for pregnancy\u2010specific sociodemographics, smoking, alcohol, prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and medical conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with nulliparas\u2019, infants of primiparas were larger by 0.20 unadjusted z\u2010score units [95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.18, 0.22]; the adjusted increase was similar at 0.18 z\u2010score units [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.15, 0.20]. Birthweight continued to increase up to parity 3, but with a smaller difference (parity 3 vs. 0 \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.27 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.20, 0.34]). In the unrestricted secondary sample, there was significant departure in linearity from parity 1 to 7 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); birthweight increased only up to parity 4 (parity 4 vs. 0 \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.34 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.31, 0.37]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between parity and birthweight was non\u2010linear with the greatest increase observed between first\u2010 and second\u2010born infants of the same mother. Adjustment for changes in weight or chronic diseases did not change the relationship between parity and birthweight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T01:46:45Z","timestamp":1386640005000},"page":"106-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["The Association between Parity and Birthweight in a Longitudinal Consecutive Pregnancy Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Stefanie N.","family":"Hinkle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Mendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey A.","family":"Sjaarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwina","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nansi S.","family":"Boghossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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