{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:40:00Z","timestamp":1777959600312,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["190858\/V50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["190858\/V50"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The birth prevalence of congenital heart defects (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHDs<\/jats:styled-content>) has decreased in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>anada and Europe. Recommended intake of folic acid in pregnancy is a suggestive risk\u2010reducing factor for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHDs<\/jats:styled-content>. We investigated the association between periconceptional intake of folic acid supplements and infant risk of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHDs<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information on maternal intake of folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy in the Medical Birth Registry of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>orway 1999\u20132009 was updated with information on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>diagnoses from national health registers and the Cardiovascular Diseases in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>orway Project. The association between folic acid intake and infant risk of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>was estimated as relative risk (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) with binomial log linear regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 517\u2009784 non\u2010chromosomal singleton births, 6200 children were identified with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>and 1153 with severe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>. For all births, 18.4% of the mothers initiated folic acid supplements before pregnancy and 31.6% during pregnancy. The adjusted<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>for severe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>was 0.99 [95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 0.86, 1.13] comparing periconceptional intake of folic acid with no intake. Specifically,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>for conotruncal defects was 0.99 [95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>0.80, 1.22], atrioventricular septal defects 1.19 [95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>0.78, 1.81], left ventricular outflow tract obstructions 1.02 [95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>0.78, 1.32], and right ventricular outflow tract obstructions 0.97 [95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>0.72, 1.29]. Birth prevalence of septal defects was higher in the group exposed to folic acid supplements with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>1.19 [95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.10, 1.30].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periconceptional folic acid supplement use showed no association with severe CHDs in the newborn. An unexpected association with an increased risk of septal defects warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T08:45:00Z","timestamp":1437727500000},"page":"391-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Infant Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in<scp>N<\/scp>orway 1999\u20132009"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4988-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Leirgul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trude","family":"Gildestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy Miodini","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Fomina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristoffer","family":"Brodwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gottfried","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Heart Disease Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stein Emil","family":"Vollset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Holmstr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grethe S.","family":"Tell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"\u00d8yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1673"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430200091032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212243272602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940310019515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320590428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00061-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36118","article-title":"Risk and protective factors in the origin of conotruncal defects of heart \u2013 a population\u2010based case\u2010control study","volume":"161","author":"Csaky\u2010Szunyogh M","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. 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