{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:37:36Z","timestamp":1788219456818,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MCH-97593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCH-97593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP-97777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-97777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9","award":["16227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16227"]}]},{"name":"Institut de la statistique du Qu\u00e9bec (ISQ)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A narrow time window in infancy may be relevant for the aetiology of immune\u2010mediated type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether a non\u2010specific immune stimulation in the first year of life, as resulting from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>acillus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>almette\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>u\u00e9rin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>) vaccination, was associated with childhood diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from a birth cohort assembled through linkage of administrative databases, 78\u2009492 subjects born in 1974 were the object of the present analysis. Information was extracted from the birth, death, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination registries. Diabetes\u2010related health services were obtained from administrative health databases (physician billing claims and hospitalisation data) until 1994. Subjects were classified as having diabetes according to two validated definitions: (1) \u22652 diabetes\u2010related medical visits within 2 years or \u22651 hospitalisation for diabetes; and 2) \u22654 diabetes\u2010related medical visits within 2 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>), adjusted for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four per\u2009cent of subjects were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> vaccinated in the first year of life. According to the first and second definition, respectively, 293 (0.37%) and 230 (0.29%) subjects were classified as having diabetes. There was no association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination in the first year of life and risk of diabetes with either definition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>def1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.92, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.73, 1.17; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>def2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20091.04, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.80, 1.37), and results did not differ by sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the potentially critical importance of the exposure window and paucity of studies addressing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination timing in relation to diabetes risk, this question deserves further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T11:54:37Z","timestamp":1448020477000},"page":"141-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (<scp>BCG<\/scp>) Vaccination in Infancy and Risk of Childhood Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Marie\u2010Claude","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS\u2010Institut Armand\u2010Frappier Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec  Laval Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"El\u2010Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS\u2010Institut Armand\u2010Frappier Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec  Laval Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Conus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS\u2010Institut Armand\u2010Frappier Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec  Laval Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Legault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Elise","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS\u2010Institut Armand\u2010Frappier Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec  Laval Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2929-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050006","article-title":"Infections and vaccinations as risk factors for childhood type I (insulin\u2010dependent) diabetes mellitus: a multicentre case\u2010control investigation","volume":"43","author":"EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.4.2249","article-title":"Newborns develop a Th1\u2010type immune response to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette\u2010Guerin vaccination","volume":"163","author":"Marchant A","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(90)90017-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03035306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.5.767"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199705)14:5<390::AID-DIA364>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1288.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada.Report from the National Diabetes Surveillance System: Diabetes in Canada2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00539.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e35"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Canada Post.Addressing Guidelines [Report].2015.http:\/\/www.canadapost.ca\/tools\/pg\/manual\/PGaddress\u2010e.pdf[last accessed November 2015]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.9.2568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/963098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001012"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"S33","article-title":"Description of Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination rates in the province of Quebec, Canada, 1926\u20131974","volume":"175","author":"Rousseau MC","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2011.00795.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-2671(10)44008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-14-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"R\u00e9gie des rentes du Qu\u00e9bec.Eligibility requirements for the supplement for handicapped children.2015.http:\/\/www.rrq.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/enfants\/enfant_handicape\/Pages\/criteres_admissibilite.aspx[last accessed November 2015]."}],"container-title":["Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fppe.12263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppe.12263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T16:51:21Z","timestamp":1695574281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppe.12263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppe.12263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12263","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-5022","1365-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-5022","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]}}}