{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:27:04Z","timestamp":1790785624374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]],"date-time":"2016-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"March of Dimes: Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Theme 5: Sociobiology of Racial Disparities of Preterm Birth"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determining whether initiation of preterm birth was spontaneous, or through labour induction or caesarean without labour or membrane rupture is critical in surveillance and aetiological research on preterm birth, although this information is not explicitly included on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> Birth Certificate. Algorithms combining several fields from birth certificates have been developed to infer the initiating event, but none has been validated against manual review of original obstetric records. Our objective was to develop a birth certificate\u2010based algorithm to determine initiation of preterm birth and validate it by manual review of original records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed an algorithm from the 2003\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> Standard Birth Certificate to determine spontaneous vs. indicated preterm birth. The algorithm was first tested on obstetrical records from 80 preterm (&lt;37 weeks) births in Columbus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> (2006\u201312) abstracted by an obstetrics research nurse and reviewed by an obstetrician\u2013gynecologist. Onset of delivery was spontaneous if the initiating event was premature rupture of membranes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROM<\/jats:styled-content>) or contractions, or indicated if the initiating event was induction or caesarean without labour or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROM<\/jats:styled-content>. The algorithm was validated in an independent sample of 100 preterm births from four hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Codes for tocolysis, fetal intolerance of labour, and anaesthesia during labour did not predict labour and were dropped. The final algorithm correctly classified 73\/80 cases, kappa\u2009=\u20090.83. In the validation, 86\/100 cases were correctly classified. The kappa statistic was 0.68 (0.52, 0.83); predictive values for spontaneous and indicated onset were 85% (75%, 92%) and 89% (71%, 98%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The algorithm distinguished spontaneous from indicated preterm birth, using birth certificates, with good accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T16:04:35Z","timestamp":1455120275000},"page":"134-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Development and Validation of an Algorithm to Determine Spontaneous versus Provider\u2010Initiated Preterm Birth in <scp>US<\/scp> Vital Records"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Klebanoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus OH"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus OH"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Yossef\u2010Salameh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Latimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reena","family":"Oza\u2010Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus OH"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Kachoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia B.","family":"Reagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalin S.","family":"Buhimschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus 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