{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:26:59Z","timestamp":1765758419659},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition"},{"name":"Micronutrient Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small for gestational age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>) is a global health problem. Identifying the timing of fetal growth faltering is critical for developing preventive interventions. We aim to describe patterns of fetal growth and to predict <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> at birth using fetal ultrasound measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 1412 pregnant women enrolled in a randomised\u2010controlled trial evaluating maternal micronutrient supplementation in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. Ultrasound examinations included biparietal diameter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>), head circumference (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>) and abdominal circumference (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>), and femur length (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FL<\/jats:styled-content>). Measures were assessed using the new international fetal growth standards (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INTERGROWTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021st Project). Generalised linear mixed logit regression models were used to examine the association between ultrasound measures and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> at birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall fetal growth restriction began in early pregnancy and continued through delivery, but the timing of growth faltering varied by measure: it began by 20 weeks for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> BPD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>, earlier as compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FL<\/jats:styled-content> growth that started &gt;30 weeks. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> infants had significantly lower mean fetal growth parameters as early as 14 weeks. Ultrasound measures below the 10th percentile were associated with a two to four times higher risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> at birth compared to fetuses greater than the 50th percentile, with the largest odds ratios for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.9, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 2.7, 5.7).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal growth faltering by ultrasound begins in early gestation among rural Vietnamese populations; these patterns clearly identified those to be born <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>. Efforts to prevent fetal growth faltering must begin early in pregnancy and perhaps even before pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T18:25:39Z","timestamp":1454696739000},"page":"256-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Patterns of Fetal Growth Based on Ultrasound Measurement and its Relationship with Small for Gestational Age at Birth in Rural Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Phuong Hong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and Medicine Thai Nguyen Vietnam"},{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. 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