{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:49:01Z","timestamp":1792176541457,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study analyses the incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content>) in a large geographically defined population in Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Database linkage analysis of all births between 2000 and 2011 in New South Wales (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSW<\/jats:styled-content>), Australia. The diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> was derived from hospital coding P96.1, \u2018Neonatal withdrawal symptoms from maternal use of drugs of addiction\u2019. Temporal trends were studied by comparing epoch 1 (2000\u201305) with epoch 2 (2006\u201311). The relationship with changes in maternal factors was further analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> was coded in 3842 of 1 022 263 live born infants (0.38%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> incidence peaked at 5.07 per 1000 live births in 2002, decreasing to 3.18 in 2011 and was negatively correlated with maternal age (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.7). The rate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> in epoch 2 (3.4 per 1000 births, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.28, 3.58) was significantly lower than in epoch 1 (4.1 per 1000 births, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.96, 4.33). Epoch 2 mothers were significantly older (mean 29.8 years vs. 28.3 years), less likely to be multiparous (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.7, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.6, 0.9) or smoke (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.4, 0.5). They were more likely to engage in antenatal care earlier (mean first visit: 14.1 vs. 18.9 weeks). Most infants (~80%) were born at term (&gt;37 weeks gestation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> as a discharge diagnosis has decreased in our population since 2002. Mothers are also older and engaging earlier in prenatal care. Whether these changes alter <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> presentation and diagnosis or whether pregnant women are using drugs that do not cause typical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> (e.g. amphetamines) is uncertain and requires further study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,6]],"date-time":"2016-02-06T00:01:03Z","timestamp":1454716863000},"page":"267-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Epidemiological Evidence for a Decreasing Incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, 2000\u201311"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Uebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Heath University of New South Wales Kensington NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian 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