{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:26:22Z","timestamp":1770913582169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]],"date-time":"2016-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science"},{"name":"Dasman Institute for Diabetes Research in Kuwait"},{"name":"Kuwait Ministry of Health"},{"name":"South Hawalli Clinic"},{"name":"Al-Hakim Clinic"},{"name":"West Farwaniya Clinic"},{"name":"Subah Al Naser Clinic"},{"name":"Jahraa Clinic, Al-Sager Clinic"},{"name":"Al-Qurain Health Clinic"},{"name":"New Mowasat Hospital, and Royale Hayat Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapid development and westernisation in Kuwait and other Gulf states have been accompanied by rising rates of obesity, diabetes, asthma, and other chronic conditions. Prenatal experiences and exposures may be important targets for intervention. We undertook a prospective pregnancy\u2013birth cohort study in Kuwait, the TRansgenerational Assessment of Children's Environmental Risk (TRACER) Study, to examine prenatal risk factors for early childhood obesity. This article describes the methodology and results of follow\u2010up through birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women were recruited at antenatal clinical visits. Interviewers administered questionnaires during the pregnancy and collected and banked biological samples. Children are being followed up with quarterly maternal interviews, annual anthropometric measurements, and periodic collection of biosamples. Frequencies of birth outcomes (i.e. stillbirth, preterm birth, small and large for gestational age, and macrosomia) were calculated as a function of maternal characteristics and behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two thousand four hundred seventy\u2010eight women were enrolled, and 2254 women were followed to delivery. Overall, frequencies of stillbirth (0.6%), preterm birth (9.3%), and small for gestational age (7.4%) were comparable to other developed countries, but not strongly associated with maternal characteristics or behaviours. Macrosomia (6.1%) and large for gestational age (23.0%) were higher than expected and positively associated with pre\u2010pregnancy maternal overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large birth cohort has been established in Kuwait. The collected risk factors and banked biosamples will allow examination of the effects of prenatal exposures on the development of chronic disease in children. Initial results suggest that maternal overweight\/obesity before pregnancy should be targeted to prevent macrosomia and its associated sequelae of childhood overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T22:39:01Z","timestamp":1463697541000},"page":"408-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Birth Outcomes in a Prospective Pregnancy\u2013Birth Cohort Study of Environmental Risk Factors in Kuwait: The TRACER Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"AlSeaidan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute Kuwait Kuwait"},{"name":"Ministry of Health Kuwait Kuwait"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rihab","family":"Al Wotayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Ministry of Health Kuwait Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Costas A.","family":"Christophi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massouma","family":"Al\u2010Makhseed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hakim Clinic Kuwait Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Abu Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute Kuwait Kuwait"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feiby","family":"Nassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute Kuwait Kuwait"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayah","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute Kuwait Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smitha","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute Kuwait Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert Bruce","family":"Boley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamarra","family":"James\u2010Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. 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