{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:20:30Z","timestamp":1778692830112,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]],"date-time":"2016-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004726","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controversy exists as to whether birthweight\u2010for\u2010gestational age references used to classify infants as small for gestational age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>) should be country specific or based on an international (common) standard. We examined whether different birthweight\u2010for\u2010gestational age references affected the association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> with adverse outcomes among very preterm neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Singleton infants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 23 788) of 24<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\u201328<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> weeks' gestational age in nine high\u2010resource countries were classified as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (&lt;10th centile) using common and country\u2010specific references based on birthweight and estimated fetal weight (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFW<\/jats:styled-content>). For each reference, the adjusted relative risk (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>) for the association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> with composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity was estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of infants classified as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> differed slightly for common compared with country specific for birthweight references [9.9% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 9.5, 10.2) vs. 11.1% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 10.7, 11.5)] and for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFW<\/jats:styled-content> references [28.6% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 28.0, 29.2) vs. 24.6% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 24.1, 25.2)]. The association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> with the composite outcome was similar when using common or country\u2010specific references for the total sample for birthweight [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>s 1.47 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.43, 1.51) and 1.48 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.44, 1.53) respectively] and for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFW<\/jats:styled-content> references [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>s 1.35 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.31, 1.38) and 1.39 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.35, 1.43) respectively].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small for gestational age is associated with higher mortality and morbidity in infants born &lt;29 weeks' gestational age. Although common and country\u2010specific birthweight\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFW<\/jats:styled-content> references identified slightly different proportions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> infants, the risk of the composite outcome was comparable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T22:57:30Z","timestamp":1463698650000},"page":"450-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Country\u2010Specific vs. Common Birthweight\u2010for\u2010Gestational Age References to Identify Small for Gestational Age Infants Born at 24\u201328 weeks: An International Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Infant Care Research Centre Mount Sinai Hospital Canadian Neonatal Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Sj\u00f6rs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Neonatal Quality Register Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Reichman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research Sheba Medical Centre Israel Neonatal Network Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Darlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australia and New Zealand Neonatal Network Department of Paediatrics University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naho","family":"Morisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development Neonatal Research Network Japan Setagaya\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neena","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Data Analysis Unit Section of Neonatal Medicine Department of Medicine Imperial College London UK Neonatal Collaborative London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Bassler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Neonatal Network Department of Neonatology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Mirea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Infant Care Research Centre Mount Sinai Hospital Canadian Neonatal Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Neonatal Network Department of Neonatology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kusuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Research Network Japan Maternal and Perinatal Center Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network Royal Hospital for Women National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistic Unit University of New South Wales Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura San","family":"Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish Neonatal Network Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stellan","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Neonatal Quality Register Department of Pediatrics\/Neonatal Services Ume\u00e5 University Hospital Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Isayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Infant Care Research Centre Mount Sinai Hospital Canadian Neonatal Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rintaro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Research Network Japan Department of Health Policy National Center for Child Health and Development Setagaya\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Vento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish Neonatal Network Health Research Institute La Fe Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoo K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Infant Care Research Centre Mount Sinai Hospital Canadian Neonatal Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakesh S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Infant Care Research Centre Mount Sinai Hospital Canadian Neonatal Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of Neonates Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"490","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"99","author":"Resnik R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstettrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2006.01988a.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000348382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdn057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-8-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70121-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.11331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e35"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Birth weight standards in the live\u2010born population in Israel","volume":"7","author":"Dollberg S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2013.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2011.544139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20100123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-8-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.1.1887021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60364-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.4.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.1273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.089698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001200105X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0913"}],"container-title":["Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fppe.12298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppe.12298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T21:59:01Z","timestamp":1696024741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppe.12298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppe.12298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12298","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-5022","1365-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-5022","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]]}}}