{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:25:59Z","timestamp":1773271559382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HD052460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HD052460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01\u2010HD074726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01\u2010HD074726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm children face higher risk of cognitive and academic deficits compared with their full\u2010term peers. The objective of this study was to describe early childhood cognitive ability and kindergarten academic achievement across gestational age at birth in a population\u2010based longitudinal cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population included singletons born at 24\u201342\u00a0weeks <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">gestation<\/jats:styled-content> enrolled in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study\u2010Birth Cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06150 for 2\u2010year outcome, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04450 for kindergarten outcome). Home\u2010based assessments measured cognitive ability at 2\u00a0years and reading and mathematics achievement at kindergarten age. Linear regression models estimated the association between gestational age and cognitive and academic scores using four different ways of modelling gestational age: continuous variable in linear and quadratic terms; categories for individual weeks; and clinical categories for early preterm, moderate preterm, late preterm, early term, full term, late term, and post\u2010term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children born at early preterm (24\u201327\u00a0weeks), moderate preterm (28\u201333\u00a0weeks), and late preterm (34\u201336\u00a0weeks) scored significantly worse than full\u2010term (39\u201340\u00a0weeks) peers on 2\u2010year and kindergarten assessments; however, no deficits were observed for early term (37\u201338\u00a0weeks). These categories were a clinically useful and parsimonious approach to stratifying risk of adverse cognitive and academic outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study estimated the relative performance of children born at 24\u201342\u00a0weeks in a population\u2010based birth cohort using multiple approaches to modelling gestational age, providing a more rigorous understanding of the relationships between the full spectrum of gestational age and cognitive and academic outcomes in early childhood and at school age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T03:32:36Z","timestamp":1477452756000},"page":"571-582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Describing the Shape of the Relationship Between Gestational Age at Birth and Cognitive Development in a Nationally Representative U.S. Birth Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Drews\u2010Botsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Dana","family":"Flanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6372-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes.Preterm Birth: Causes Consequences and Prevention. 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