{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:39:29Z","timestamp":1782124769915,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health to Ammerman","award":["R01-MH087499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-MH087499"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence suggests that maternal interpersonal trauma can adversely affect offspring health, but little is known about potential transmission pathways. We investigated whether interpersonal trauma exposure had direct and indirect associations with offspring social\u2010emotional development at 12\u2010months of age in an at\u2010risk, home visited population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 1172 mother\u2010child dyads who participated in a multi\u2010site, early childhood home visiting program. Children were born January 2007 to June 2010 and data were collected at enrolment (prenatal\/birth) through 12\u2010months of age. Multivariable path analyses were used to examine the relationship between maternal interpersonal trauma, subsequent psychosocial mediators (maternal depressive symptoms, social support, and home environment), and the outcome of child social\u2010emotional development measured with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social\u2010Emotional (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASQ<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>). Maternal interpersonal trauma was characterized as any previous exposure, the level of exposure, and type (e.g. abuse) of exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of maternal interpersonal trauma exposure was 69.1%, and exposures ranged from 1 type (19.3%) to 7 types (2.3%). Interpersonal trauma was associated with a 3.6 point (95% confidence interval 1.8, 5.4) higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASQ<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> score among offspring and indicated greater developmental risk. An estimated 23.4% of the total effect was mediated by increased maternal depressive symptoms and lower social support. Differential effects were observed by the level and type of interpersonal trauma exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal interpersonal trauma exposures can negatively impact child social\u2010emotional development, acting in part through maternal psychosocial factors. Future research is needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of intergenerational risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T16:57:45Z","timestamp":1485881865000},"page":"99-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Maternal Interpersonal Trauma and Child Social\u2010Emotional Development: An Intergenerational Effect"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0849-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alonzo T.","family":"Folger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen T.","family":"Putnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank W.","family":"Putnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Peugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Eismann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Sa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of 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