{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:18:32Z","timestamp":1789996712106,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004046","name":"Karen Elise Jensens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant No. 2014\u20100073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant No. 2014\u20100073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overweight and obese pregnant women face higher risk of several critical birth outcomes, including an overall increased risk of congenital abnormalities. Only few studies have focused on associations between maternal overweight and the genital anomalies in boys, cryptorchidism and hypospadias, and results are inconclusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a population\u2010based cohort study and assessed the associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias. All live\u2010born singleton boys born in Sweden from 1992 to 2012 were included. From the Swedish Patient Register, information on cryptorchidism and hypospadias was available. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for potential confounders. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate how much of the association between BMI and genital anomalies were mediated through obesity\u2010related diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 1 055 705 live\u2010born singleton boys born from 1992 to 2012, 6807 (6.4 per 1000) were diagnosed with hypospadias and 16 469 (15.6 per 1000) were diagnosed with cryptorchidism, of which 9768 (9.3 per 1000) underwent corrective surgery for cryptorchidism. We observed dose\u2010response associations between maternal BMI and hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Boys of mothers with BMI \u226540.0 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> had the highest adjusted hazard ratios for hypospadias (HR 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.76) and cryptorchidism (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00, 1.58). A substantial proportion of the associations between BMI and the genital anomalies were mediated through preeclampsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This large register\u2010based study adds to the current literature and indicates that the occurrence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism increase with maternal overweight and obesity severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T18:24:39Z","timestamp":1497983079000},"page":"317-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Maternal Overweight and Obesity and Genital Anomalies in Male Offspring: A Population\u2010Based Swedish Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linn H\u00e5konsen","family":"Arendt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit Department of Child and Adolescent Health Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia H\u00f8st","family":"Ramlau\u2010Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten S\u00f8ndergaard","family":"Lindhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit Department of Child and Adolescent Health Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine Brink","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit Department of Child and Adolescent Health Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0805-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Cnattingius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm 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