{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:18:50Z","timestamp":1781144330742,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000226","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate if there are departures from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>Child Growth Standards (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGS<\/jats:styled-content>) in postnatal growth of healthy \u2018Canadian\u2019 children in Ontario up to age 2 years, including by infant feeding and ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included data on 9964 healthy, singleton children born in Ontario, Canada. Smoothed weight, length and body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>) percentile curves were generated using quantile regression for the Canadian cohort from birth to age 2 years. Differences in percentile values were calculated comparing Canadian children vs. the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canadian children under age 2 years were longer than the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGS<\/jats:styled-content>at the 10th (0.8 cm), 50th (1.3 cm) and 90th (1.9 cm) percentiles. Canadian children incrementally surpassed the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGS<\/jats:styled-content>in weight after age 6 months, and in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>after 9 months. By age 2 years, the 50th percentile weight of Canadian males was 823 g (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 680, 965) higher than the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGS<\/jats:styled-content>50th percentile. Weight differences were seen regardless of feeding practice, and were greatest among children of mothers born in Canada and Europe\/Western nations, and least for those of East Asian\/Pacific or South Asian heritage. Among Canadian breastfed males, 18% (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>16, 19) of newborns and 26% (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>20, 33) toddlers aged 2 years were classified by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGS<\/jats:styled-content>as weighing &gt;90th percentile \u2013 much higher than the expected rate of 10%. Similarities were seen for differences in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy Canadian infants\/toddlers are longer and heavier than the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGS<\/jats:styled-content>norms. Explanations for these discrepancies require further elucidation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T14:53:49Z","timestamp":1499698429000},"page":"452-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Differences in growth of Canadian children compared to the WHO 2006 Child Growth Standards"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5369-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison L.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynaecology St. Michael's Hospital Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Canadian Curves Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.098624"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00681.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02378.x","article-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards based on length\/height, weight and age","volume":"450","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.2.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Determining the best use of WHO Growth Standards and Growth References within the Canadian context. 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