{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:24:42Z","timestamp":1765959882436,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Parma, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of antenatal corticosteroids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content>) in multiple pregnancies are disputed. In this article, we examined whether estimated effects differ in singletons and multiples and in small for gestational age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>) preterm infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 17 073 singletons (81% treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content>) and 8274 multiples (86% treated) born at 24\u201333 weeks from the Italian Neonatal Network (2005\u20132013). We used Poisson regression models with robust variance to estimate adjusted risk ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) of in\u2010hospital death, severe intraventricular haemorrhage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content>), periventricular leukomalacia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVL<\/jats:styled-content>), and the composite outcome of severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content> and death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mortality was lower among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated vs. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010untreated infants, both in singletons (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58, 0.68) and in multiples (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.85, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.73, 0.98). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content> and the composite outcome of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content> and death, but not <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVL<\/jats:styled-content>, also occurred less frequently among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated infants. For these outcomes, the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content> was stronger in singletons than in multiples (+35%, +32%, and +22% for death, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content>, and the composite outcome, respectively). Also among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> infants, singletons, and multiples, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated infants had lower risk of death, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content> and of composite outcome than untreated ones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large cohort of preterm infants, both multiples and singletons treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content> had a lower risk of mortality, of severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content>, and of composite outcome of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content> and death, both in the overall sample and in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> infants. Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content> effect was weaker in multiples, our results support current recommendations to administer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis in multiple pregnancies at risk of preterm delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T14:12:40Z","timestamp":1501683160000},"page":"394-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antenatal Corticosteroid Prophylaxis in Singleton and Multiple Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6074-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology Division Woman and Child Health Department Ospedale Versilia Viareggio Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Lucchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry Sapienza University Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bell\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Alessandro Manzoni Hospital Lecco Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rinaldo","family":"Zanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman and Child Health Department Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lecco Lecco Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31820eee00"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 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