{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:52:49Z","timestamp":1785207169992,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]],"date-time":"2017-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastroschisis, a congenital anomaly of the abdomen, is associated with young maternal age and has increased in prevalence in many countries. Maternal illness and medication exposure are among environmental risk factors implicated in its aetiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based case\u2010malformed control study was conducted using data from 18 European congenital anomaly registries, with information on first trimester medication use, covering 8 million births 1995\u20132012. 1577 gastroschisis cases (of which 4% stillbirths, 11% terminations of pregnancy) were compared to 153\u00a0357 non\u2010chromosomal\/monogenic controls. Literature review identified previous associations concerning maternal illness and medication exposure to be tested as signals. Logistic regression adjusted for maternal age group, registry, and time period was used to evaluate associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparing gastroschisis to other congenital anomalies, the data supported signals concerning maternal depression (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.52, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.45, 4.39), antidepressant use (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.03, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.22, 3.38), postnatal depression\/psychosis following a previous pregnancy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 8.32, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.56, 27.01), sexually transmitted infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.85, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.13, 7.24), topical antivirals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 5.31, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.63, 17.33), and continuation of oral contraceptives in early pregnancy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.17, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.13, 4.18). Exploratory analyses suggested associations with a wider range of maternal infections and medications, including tonsillitis and the expectorant bromhexine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While it is difficult to disentangle the effects of the medication and underlying indication, our results add to the evidence base on preventable risk factors for gastroschisis. These risk factors may contribute to the higher risk among young mothers, and geographical and temporal variation in prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]],"date-time":"2017-08-25T17:12:40Z","timestamp":1503681160000},"page":"549-559","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Gastroschisis in Europe \u2013 A Case\u2010malformed\u2010Control Study of Medication and Maternal Illness during Pregnancy as Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4921-1944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Given","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Administrative Data Research Centre Northern Ireland Ulster University Newtownabbey UK"},{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Research Ulster University Newtownabbey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Loane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Research Ulster University Newtownabbey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Garne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department Hospital Lillebaelt Kolding Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Nelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiene (PIH) Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Barisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Zagreb Medical School University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanitra","family":"Randrianaivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registre des Malformations Congenitales de la Reunion St Pierre Ile de la Reunion"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babak","family":"Khoshnood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Registry of Congenital Anomalies Maternit\u00e9 de Port\u2010Royal Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awi","family":"Wiesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mainz Model Birth Registry University Children's Hospital Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Rissmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony\u2010Anhalt Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Health Service Executive \u2013 South East Kilkenny Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMER Registry (Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects) University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pierini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuscany Registry of Congenital Defects CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology\/Fondazione Toscana \u201cGabriele Monasterio\u201d Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eurocat Northern Netherlands University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Klungsoyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Domain for Health Data and Digitalization Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Latos Bielenska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Cavero\u2010Carbonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Diseases Joint Research Unit FISABIO\u2010UVEG Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Claude","family":"Addor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics CHUV Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Zymak\u2010Zakutnya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Khmelnytsky Regional Medical Genetic Center Khmelnytsky Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Register and Information Service for Wales Public Health Wales Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Dolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Research Ulster University Newtownabbey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]]},"container-title":["Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fppe.12401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppe.12401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T18:36:55Z","timestamp":1696012615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppe.12401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppe.12401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12401","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-5022","1365-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-5022","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]]}}}