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There is compelling evidence linking rapid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPG<\/jats:styled-content> with later cardiovascular risk, but its neurodevelopmental benefits still remain hypothetical in individuals born moderately preterm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>) or small for gestational at term (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGAT<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to perform a systematic review of the relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPG<\/jats:styled-content> before age 3\u00a0years and neurodevelopmental outcome for individuals born <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content> (32\u201036\u00a0weeks' gestational age) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGAT<\/jats:styled-content>. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010analyses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRISMA<\/jats:styled-content>) guidelines, 3 independent investigators searched for articles published on this topic in the Web of Science, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content> and PubMed from database inception to July 1, 2017. A detailed quality scale was used to evaluate articles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We selected 19 articles relying on 12 distinct study populations; 7 articles from 3 study populations were considered at moderate or high quality. The lack of standardisation of growth analysis methods prevented performing a meta\u2010analysis. Overall, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPG<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with neurodevelopmental outcome, especially Intelligence Quotient (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>) when available. In this relationship, the first 6\u00a0months of life might be a critical period. Analysis of the few articles investigating the shape of the relationships revealed a non\u2010linear association, with a plateau for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> with higher weight gain, which suggests a possible ceiling effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A positive association was generally found between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPG<\/jats:styled-content> and neurodevelopmental outcome for individuals born <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGAT<\/jats:styled-content>. Strategies for future epidemiological studies are suggested to improve the characterisation of this relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T07:23:29Z","timestamp":1524641009000},"page":"268-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Early postnatal growth and neurodevelopment in children born moderately preterm or small for gestational age at term: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-9645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Taine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Determinants of Children's Health and Development Team (ORCHAD) Inserm UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Center (CRESS)  Villejuif France"},{"name":"Paris Descartes University  Paris 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