{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T19:05:00Z","timestamp":1778526300549,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC1000501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1000501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>To examine whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS<\/jats:styled-content>) during the periconceptional period among nonsmoking women is associated with an increased risk for orofacial clefts (OFC<\/jats:styled-content>s) in offspring in a population with low rates of maternal active smoking but high rates of SHS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We recruited 240 women with OFC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010affected pregnancies and 1420 women who delivered healthy infants from a population\u2010based case\u2010control study in northern China during 2002 and 2016. Data including self\u2010reported SHS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure were collected by trained health care workers through face\u2010to\u2010face interviews. Odds ratios (OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>s) were used to estimate the association between SHS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure and OFC<\/jats:styled-content> risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The unadjusted OR<\/jats:styled-content>s for OFC<\/jats:styled-content>s and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00b1P) in association with SHS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure were both 1.6 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.2, 2.1). After adjusting for maternal fever or flu, farming occupation, infant sex, and history of pregnancy affected by birth defects, the adjusted OR<\/jats:styled-content>s were both 1.6 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.2, 2.2). Frequent SHS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure (>6\u00a0times\/week) was associated with an even higher risk for OFC<\/jats:styled-content>s (adjusted OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.6, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.8, 3.8) and for CL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00b1P (adjusted OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.5, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.7, 3.7).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Maternal SHS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure during the periconceptional period increases the risk for OFC<\/jats:styled-content>s in offspring among nonsmoking mothers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T19:49:32Z","timestamp":1532634572000},"page":"423-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Secondhand smoke during the periconceptional period increases the risk for orofacial clefts in offspring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5709-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Pi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Child Health\/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7570-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Child Health\/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5888-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Child Health\/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5844-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jufen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Child Health\/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Child Health\/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8298-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Child Health\/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2033-9277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Child Health\/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9115-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiguo","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Child Health\/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking\u201050 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking 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