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We undertook a systematic review of the literature to examine the long\u2010term effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on neuropsychological function in children aged 1\u201011\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary research publications were searched from Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CINAHL<\/jats:styled-content> EbscoHost, Cochrane Library, Global Health and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERIC<\/jats:styled-content> (1980\u20102018). Eligible articles documented neuropsychological outcomes in children 1\u201011\u00a0years who had been prenatally exposed to marijuana. Studies of exposure to multiple prenatal drugs were included if results for marijuana exposure were reported separately from other substances. Data abstraction was independently performed by two reviewers using a standardised protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The eligible articles (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021) on data from seven independent longitudinal studies had high quality based on the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale. Some analyses found associations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) between prenatal marijuana exposure and decreased performance on memory, impulse control, problem\u2010solving, quantitative reasoning, verbal development and visual analysis tests; as well as increased performance on attention and global motion perception tests. Limitations included concurrent use of other substances among study participants, potential under\u2010reporting and publication biases, non\u2010generalisable samples and limited published results preventing direct comparison of analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The specific effects of prenatal marijuana exposure remain unclear and warrant further research. The larger number of neuropsychological domains that exhibit decreased versus increased psychological and behavioural functions suggests that exposure to marijuana may be harmful for brain development and function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T14:16:10Z","timestamp":1539872170000},"page":"512-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on neuropsychological outcomes in children aged 1\u201011\u00a0years: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1097-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saida R.","family":"Sharapova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office on Smoking and Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyse","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office on Smoking and Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Sirocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Prevention Research Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer W.","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Development and Disability National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca T.","family":"Leeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Development and Disability National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Italia","family":"Rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office on Smoking and Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality.Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.2016. 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