{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:57:31Z","timestamp":1770911851113,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternity populations are becoming increasingly multiethnic. Conflicting findings exist regarding the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among immigrant mothers from different world regions and which growth charts are most appropriate for identifying the risk of adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether infant mortality and morbidity, and the categorisation of infants as small for gestational age or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA) vary by maternal country of birth, and to assess whether the choice of growth chart alters the risk of adverse outcomes in infants categorised as SGA and LGA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population cohort of 601\u00a0299 singleton infants born in Australia to immigrant mothers was compared with 1.7 million infants born to Australian\u2010born mothers, 2004\u20102013. Infants were categorised as SGA and LGA according to a <jats:italic>descriptive<\/jats:italic> Australian population\u2010based birthweight chart (Australia\u20102012 reference) and the <jats:italic>prescriptive<\/jats:italic> INTERGROWTH\u201021st growth standard. Propensity score reweighting was used for the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to Australian\u2010born infants, infants of mothers from Africa, Philippines, India, other Asia countries, and the Middle East had between 15.4% and 48.1% elevated risk for stillbirth, preterm delivery, or low Apgar score. The association between SGA and LGA and perinatal mortality varied markedly by growth chart and country of birth. Notably, SGA infants from African\u2010born mothers had a relative risk of perinatal mortality of 6.1 (95% CI 4.3, 6.7) and 17.3 (95% CI 12.0, 25.0) by the <jats:italic>descriptive<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>prescriptive<\/jats:italic> charts, respectively. LGA infants born to Australian\u2010born mothers were associated with a 10% elevated risk of perinatal mortality by the <jats:italic>descriptive<\/jats:italic> chart compared to a 15% risk reduction by the <jats:italic>prescriptive<\/jats:italic> chart.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Country\u2010of\u2010birth\u2010specific variations are becoming increasingly important for providing ethnically appropriate and safe maternity care. Our findings highlight significant variations in risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in immigrant subgroups, and demonstrate how the choice of growth chart alters the quantification of risk associated with being born SGA or LGA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T13:29:58Z","timestamp":1567430998000},"page":"421-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Adverse perinatal outcomes in immigrants: A ten\u2010year population\u2010based observational study and assessment of growth charts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3019-5729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie K. 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