{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:18:23Z","timestamp":1784542703248,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR00427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR00427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shorter gestational age at birth is associated with worse academic performance in childhood. Socio\u2010economic and demographic factors that affect a child's development may modify the relationship between gestational age and later academic performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate socio\u2010economic and demographic effect modification of gestational age's association with kindergarten\u2010level literacy skills in a longitudinal Wisconsin birth cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sampled 153\u00a0145 singleton births (2007\u20102010) that linked to Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening\u2014Kindergarten (PALS\u2010K) scores (2012\u20102016 school years). PALS\u2010K outcomes included meeting the screening benchmark (\u226528 points, range 0\u2010102 points) and the standardised score. Multivariable linear regressions of PALS\u2010K outcomes on gestational age (completed weeks) included individual interactions for five maternal attributes measured at delivery: Medicaid coverage, education, age, race\/ethnicity, and marital status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each additional completed gestational week was associated with a 0.5 percentage point increase in the probability of meeting the PALS\u2010K literacy benchmark. The benefit of an additional week of gestational age was 0.5 percentage points (95% confidence interval 0.3, 0.7 percentage points) greater for Medicaid\u2010covered births (0.8 percentage points) relative to non\u2010Medicaid births (0.3 percentage points). Relative to only completing high school, having college education weakened this association by 0.3\u20100.6 percentage points, depending on years in college. Similar but modest relations emerged with standardised scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Socio\u2010economic advantage as indicated by non\u2010Medicaid coverage or higher levels of completed maternal education may diminish the cost of preterm birth on a child's kindergarten\u2010level literacy skills.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T13:18:47Z","timestamp":1568121527000},"page":"467-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Gestational age, kindergarten\u2010level literacy, and effect modification by maternal socio\u2010economic and demographic factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Mallinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Grodsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology College of Letters &amp; 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