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Identifying behavioural markers of ASD risk in early infancy has the potential to facilitate early detection and intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined associations between infant behaviour and adolescent behaviours associated with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analyses leveraged data available on 370 participants from the New Bedford Cohort, a sociodemographically diverse prospective birth cohort of children born from 1993 to 1998 to mothers residing near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site in Massachusetts. Longitudinal assessments were used to examine the associations between behaviours when children were approximately 2\u00a0weeks old (measured by the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale [NBAS]), and subsequent maladaptive behaviours associated with ASD at approximately 15\u00a0years old [measured by the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition\u2010Teacher Rating Scale (BASC\u20102 TRS) scores which are standardised to a mean (SD) of 50 (10)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poorer performance on select individual items and cluster scales of the NBAS was associated with an increase in behaviours associated with ASD in adolescents. Associations were strongest for neonatal measures of self\u2010regulation, response to auditory input, and autonomic nervous system regulation. For example, in covariate\u2010adjusted models, infants with Regulation of State NBAS cluster scores in the lowest tertile (poorest performance) compared to infants with scores in the higher two tertiles had adolescent BASC\u20102 TRS Developmental Social Disorders <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores that were 2.9 points higher (95% CI: 0.8, 4.9), indicating more behaviours associated with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The NBAS is an established and accessible instrument that assesses a broad range of behaviours in very young infants, and may be a useful tool for newborn assessments of developmental risk, including risk of ASD\u2010associated behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T18:01:19Z","timestamp":1600538479000},"page":"247-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early infant behavioural correlates of social skills in adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4063-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Shoaff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Nugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Medicine Brazelton Institute Boston Children\u2019s Hospital  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Berry","family":"Brazelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Medicine Brazelton Institute Boston Children\u2019s Hospital  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Korrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. 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