{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:15:30Z","timestamp":1769732130950,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32HD007186\u201039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32HD007186\u201039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whether maternal vitamin D affects offspring socioemotional development in early childhood has been underexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined associations between maternal vitamin D during in the 3rd trimester and offspring socioemotional development between 30 and 59\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 87 maternal\u2010offspring pairs enrolled in the National Children's Study were used. Total plasma maternal vitamin D (25\u2010hydroxyergocalciferol\u00a0+\u00a025\u2010hydroxycholecalciferol) was measured between 28 and 35 gestational weeks and categorised as quartiles (Q). Multivariable regression models, adjusting for maternal race\/ethnicity, education, and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI [kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>]), were used to estimate the association between vitamin D and offspring scores on the Brief Infant\u2010Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean (standard deviation) vitamin D concentration was 86.5 (27.8) nmol\/L. The median (range) BITSEA problem score was 6.0 (0.0\u201030.0), and competence score was 19.0 (7.0\u201022.0). Maternal vitamin D was inversely related to offspring problem scores. Compared to offspring of women with 25(OH)D in Q1, offspring problem scores were \u22124.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] \u22128.29, \u22121.33) units lower for Q2 vs Q1, \u22125.64 (95% CI \u22129.60, \u22121.68) units lower for Q3 vs Q1, and \u22124.70 (95% CI \u22128.59, \u22120.82) units lower for Q4 vs Q1. Vitamin D was not associated with offspring competence score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher maternal vitamin D was associated with lower offspring behaviour problems and not associated with socioemotional competence. These data indicate the association of maternal vitamin D and offspring development may be dependent on the specific developmental component being investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T03:51:07Z","timestamp":1607572267000},"page":"350-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Third trimester maternal vitamin D and early childhood socioemotional development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen C.","family":"Francis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA"},{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 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