{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:57:51Z","timestamp":1777993071826,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies showed increases in rates of gastroschisis in Canada in the first decade of the 21st century.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to examine the epidemiologic characteristics of gastroschisis in Canada in recent years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective population\u2010based cohort study of all livebirths and stillbirths delivered in Canada (excluding Quebec) from 2006 to 2017, with information obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Gastroschisis rates by maternal age, region of residence, and maternal and infant characteristics were quantified using prevalence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Log\u2010binomial regression was used to quantify the associations between risk factors and gastroschisis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 1314\u00a0gastroschisis cases among 3 364 116 births. The prevalence rate was 3.7 per 10 000 total births in 2006 and 3.4 per 10 000 total births in 2017, with substantial annual variation in rates. The proportion of mothers aged 20\u201324\u00a0years decreased from 16.5% in 2006 to 11.3% in 2017, while the proportion of mothers aged &lt;20\u00a0years halved from 4.8% to 2.3%. The prevalence of gastroschisis at birth remained unchanged among mothers aged &lt;20, 20\u201324 and 30\u201349\u00a0years but increased among mothers aged 25\u201329\u00a0years. The age\u2010adjusted prevalence rate of gastroschisis increased across the period (for 2016\u20132017 versus 2006\u20132007 rate ratio [RR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.05, 1.56), and there was substantial regional variation. Risk factors included problematic use of substances (RR 2.61, 95% CI 2.01, 3.39) and hypothyroidism (RR 2.76, 95% CI 1.56, 4.88). There was a North\u2010to\u2010South difference in gastroschisis prevalence (adjusted RR Far North compared with South 1.54, 95% CI 1.11, 2.15).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastroschisis birth prevalence rates in Canada have stabilised in recent years compared with the increase documented previously. The substantial geographic variation and North\u2010to\u2010South difference in gastroschisis prevalence may indicate variation in socio\u2010economic status, lifestyle and nutritional patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T08:06:39Z","timestamp":1630569999000},"page":"664-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Time trends, geographic variation and risk factors for gastroschisis in Canada: A population\u2010based cohort study 2006\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-2920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Boutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Gheorghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Auger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Arbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aideen","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2317-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. 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