{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:25:03Z","timestamp":1784118303503,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>For initial respiratory management, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasingly used for preterm infants, especially for gestational age less than 32\u00a0weeks. However, neonatologists are concerned about the potential risks of CPAP support failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To examine the association between different initial respiratory support modalities and the outcomes of preterm infants at <32\u00a0weeks of gestation across multiple neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This study was carried out over a period of 12\u00a0months in 2018. Unadjusted relative risks (RR) for demographic and clinical characteristics were calculated for CPAP failure and CPAP success in the total cohort using log\u2010linear model based on generalised estimating equations for clustered observations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among 1560 preterm infants delivered at <32\u00a0weeks, the incidence of CPAP failure was 10.3%. After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, the relative risk of mortality (RR 7.54, 95% CI 5.56, 10.44), pneumothorax (RR 9.85, 95% CI 2.89, 61.53), pulmonary haemorrhage (RR 7.78, 95% CI 4.51, 14.64) and BPD (RR 3.65, 95% CI 3.65, 4.51) were considerably higher for infants in the CPAP failure group than those in the CPAP\u2010S group. However, the risk of poor outcomes in CPAP failure infants was similar to that of those in the initial mechanical ventilation (MV) group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Continuous positive airway pressure failure was associated with an increased risk of mortality and major morbidities, including BPD, pulmonary haemorrhage and pneumothorax, and was comparable to the risk associated with initial MV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T04:11:10Z","timestamp":1629864670000},"page":"390-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Initial respiratory support modality and outcome in preterm infants with less than 32\u00a0weeks of gestation in China: A multicentre retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0472-3348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Eyast Branch of Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010hui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eyast Branch of Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu\u2010fang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Yantai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W.F. Maternal and Child Health Hospital Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linyi People's Hospital Linyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai\u2010rong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linyi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Linyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang\u2010yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taian Central Hospital Taian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng 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