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Women completed food frequency questionnaires about diet in the previous 3\u00a0months and foods were categorised into subgroups: fruits, vegetables, nuts\/seeds, whole grains, low\u2010fat dairy, sweetened beverages and red meat. We additionally assessed dietary vitamin D, fibre and yogurt consumption. Stored vaginal swabs collected in mid\u2010pregnancy were sequenced using 16S taxonomic profiling. Women were categorised into three groups based on predominance of species: Lactobacillus iners<\/jats:italic>, Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> miscellaneous and Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)\u2010associated bacteria. Adjusted Poisson models with robust variance estimators were run to assess the risk of being in a specific vagitype compared to the referent. Race\u2010stratified models (Black\/White) were also run.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In this study of 634 women, higher consumption of dairy was associated with increased likelihood of membership in the L.\u00a0crispatus<\/jats:italic> group compared to the L.\u00a0iners<\/jats:italic> group in a dose\u2010dependent manner (risk ratio quartile 4 vs. 1: 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.36, 2.95). Increased intake of fruit, vitamin D, fibre and yogurt was also associated with increased likelihood of membership in L.\u00a0crispatus<\/jats:italic> compared to L.\u00a0iners<\/jats:italic>, but only among black women. Statistical heterogeneity was only detected for fibre intake. There were no detected associations between any other food groups or risk of membership in the BV group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Higher consumption of low\u2010fat dairy was associated with increased likelihood of membership in a beneficial vagitype, potentially driven by probiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1638166520000},"page":"243-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Is prenatal diet associated with the composition of the vaginal microbiome?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0960-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma M.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantel L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Siega\u2010Riz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Nutrition and Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Dole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia V.","family":"Basta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrna","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Fettweis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"John M.","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Fodor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 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