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We estimated prescribed medicine use and \u2018off\u2010label\u2019 medicine use according to the child's age (&lt;1\u00a0year, 1\u20135\u00a0years, 6\u201311\u00a0years, 12\u201317\u00a0years) defined as medicines without age\u2010appropriate dose recommendations in regulator\u2010approved product information. Within off\u2010label medicines, we also identified medicines with and without age\u2010specific dose recommendations in a national prescribing guide, the Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion (AMH CDC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall dispensing rate was 2.0 dispensings per child per year. The medicines with the highest average yearly prevalence were systemic antibiotics (435.3 per 1000 children), greatest in children 1\u20135\u00a0years (546.9 per 1000). Other common medicine classes were systemic corticosteroids (92.7 per 1000), respiratory medicines (91.2 per 1000), acid\u2010suppressing medicines in children &lt;1\u00a0year (47.2 per 1000), antidepressants in children 12\u201317\u00a0years (40.3 per 1000) and psychostimulants in children 6\u201311\u00a0years (27.0 per 1000). We identified 12.2% of dispensings as off\u2010label based on age, but 66.3% of these had age\u2010specific dosing recommendations in the AMH CDC. Among children &lt;1\u00a0year, off\u2010label dispensings were commonly acid\u2010suppressing medicines (35.5%) and topical hydrocortisone (33.1%); in children 6\u201311\u00a0years, off\u2010label prescribing of clonidine (16.0%) and risperidone (13.1%) was common. Off\u2010label dispensings were more likely to be prescribed by a specialist (21.7%) than on\u2010label dispensings (7.5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prescribed medicine use is common in children, with off\u2010label dispensings for medicines without paediatric\u2010specific dosing guidelines concentrated in classes such as acid\u2010suppressing medicines and psychotropics. Our findings highlight a need for better evidence to support best\u2010practice prescribing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T19:46:30Z","timestamp":1645040790000},"page":"726-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prescribed medicine use and extent of off\u2010label use according to age in a nationwide sample of Australian children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3701-4997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Schaffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales 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