{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:11:12Z","timestamp":1793401872733,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although outcomes for infants born extremely low birthweight (ELBW; &lt;1000\u00a0g birthweight) have improved over time, it is important to document survival and morbidity changes following the advent of modern neonatal intensive care in the 1990s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe trends in survival, perinatal outcomes and neurodevelopment to 2\u00a0years\u2019 corrected age over time across six discrete geographic cohorts born ELBW between 1979 and 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of data from discrete population\u2010based prospective cohort studies of all live births free of lethal anomalies with birthweight 500\u2013999\u00a0g in the state of Victoria, Australia, over 6 eras: 1979\u201380, 1985\u201387, 1991\u201392, 1997, 2005 and 2016\u201317. Perinatal data collected included survival, duration and type of respiratory support, neonatal morbidities and two\u2010year neurodevelopmental outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>More ELBW live births were inborn (born in a maternity hospital with a neonatal intensive care unit) over time (1979\u201380, 70%; 2016\u201317, 84%), and more were offered active care (1979\u201380, 58%; 2016\u201317, 90%). Survival to 2\u00a0years rose substantially, from 25% in 1979\u201380 to 80% in 2016\u201317. In survivors, rates of any assisted ventilation rose from 75% in 1979\u201380 to 99% in 2016\u201317. Cystic periventricular leukomalacia, severe retinopathy of prematurity and blindness improved across eras. Two\u2010year data were available for 95% (1054\/1109) of survivors. Rates of cerebral palsy, deafness and major neurodevelopmental disability changed little over time. The annual numbers with major neurodevelopmental disability increased from 12.5 in 1979\u201380 to 30 in 2016\u201317, but annual numbers free of major disability increased much more, from 31 in 1979\u201380 to 147 in 2016\u201317.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Active care and survival rates in ELBW children have increased dramatically since 1979 without large changes in neonatal morbidities. The numbers of survivors free of major neurodevelopmental disability have increased more over time than those with major disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T04:50:23Z","timestamp":1650343823000},"page":"594-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Trends in survival, perinatal morbidities and two\u2010year neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low\u2010birthweight infants over four decades"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0259-3834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir M.","family":"Zayegh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Services Royal Women\u2019s Hospital  Melbourne Vic. 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