{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:51:12Z","timestamp":1776469872035,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large improvements in childhood cancer survival have been reported over recent decades. Data from cancer registries have the advantage of providing a \u2018whole of population\u2019 approach to gauge the success of cancer control efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate recent survival estimates for children diagnosed with cancer Australia and to examine the extent of changes in survival over the last 35\u2009years. For the first time, we also estimated the number of deaths among Australian children that were potentially avoided due to improvements in survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective, population\u2010based cohort study design was used. Case information was extracted from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry for 1983\u20132016, with follow\u2010up to 31 December 2017. Eligible children were aged 0\u201314 with a basis of diagnosis other than autopsy or death certificate only. Five\u2010year relative survival was calculated using the semi\u2010complete cohort method for three diagnosis periods (1983\u20131994, 1995\u20132006 and 2007\u20132016), and changes in survival over time were assessed via flexible parametric models. Avoided deaths within 5\u2009years for those diagnosed between 1995 and 2016 were estimated under the assumption that survival rates remained the same as for 1983\u20131994.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall 5\u2010year survival within the study cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020,871) increased from 72.8% between 1983 and1994 to 86.1% between 2007 and 2016, equating to an adjusted excess mortality hazard ratio of 1.82 (95% confidence interval 1.67, 1.97). Most cancers showed improvements in survival; other gliomas, hepatoblastoma and osteosarcoma were exceptions. Among children diagnosed between 1995 and 2016, 38.7% of expected deaths within 5\u2009years of diagnosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01537 of 3970) were avoided due to temporal improvements in survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survival for childhood cancer has continued to improve over recent years, thanks mainly to ongoing progress in treatment development combined with improved supportive care. Providing innovative measures of survival, such as avoided deaths, may assist with understanding outcome data produced by cancer registries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T03:10:41Z","timestamp":1654657841000},"page":"81-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Childhood cancer survival and avoided deaths in Australia, 1983\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2721-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danny R.","family":"Youlden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8576-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter D.","family":"Baade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Service, Queensland Children's Hospital Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Pole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia C.","family":"Valery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne F.","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Resilient Regions University of Southern Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-008-0762-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12610"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-0299"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Australian Cancer Database 2017; Quality Statement.2021.https:\/\/meteor.aihw.gov.au\/content\/index.phtml\/itemId\/743570. 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