{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:17:34Z","timestamp":1790738254996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>While maternal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy have been extensively studied, fewer studies have directly compared the associations of different infections and co\u2010infections or investigated the association between STIs in pregnancy and maternal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examine associations between STIs and co\u2010infections in pregnancy on risks of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the 2019 US natality files (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20093,747,882) were used to assess the associations between STIs in pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Five mutually exclusive STI groups were examined: a single chlamydia, syphilis, or gonorrhoeal infection, chlamydia and gonorrhoea co\u2010infection, and syphilis co\u2010infection (with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or both). Demographic and obstetric characteristics among each STI group were compared to those of an uninfected comparison group. Prevalence ratios (PR) of adverse neonatal outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age [SGA] births, and 5\u2010min APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) score\u2009&lt;\u20097) and maternal outcomes (gestational hypertension) by STI status were examined using log\u2010binomial regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased prevalence of preterm birth was apparent, especially among those with a syphilis infection (PR 1.19, 95% confidence intreval [CI] 1.10, 1.30 for single infections and PR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10, 1.57 for co\u2010infections). All STI groups, except gonorrhoea and chlamydia co\u2010infections, were associated with an increased prevalence of gestational hypertension, with the strongest association among those with syphilis co\u2010infections (PR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13, 1.76).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increased prevalence was of preterm birth and low APGAR scores were associated with syphilis infection. Increased prevalence of GH among those with STIs warrants further investigation into the relationships and corresponding mechanisms of STIs in pregnancy on adverse maternal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T17:39:00Z","timestamp":1653845940000},"page":"556-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparing adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis infections and co\u2010infections in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2262-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindey R.","family":"Felske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Kuret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4449-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"National overview \u2013 sexually transmitted disease surveillance","author":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.107623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-053999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.Vital Statistics Online Data Portal: Birth Data Files 2019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data_access\/vitalstatsonline.htm. 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