{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:22:02Z","timestamp":1791908522758,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many reproductive\u2010aged North Americans use antibiotics in the weeks preceding conception or during early pregnancy. Antibiotic use may influence risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) by disrupting the reproductive tract microbiome or treating harmful infections. However, this association has not been extensively studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the extent to which periconceptional antibiotic use is associated with the risk of SAB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed data from an internet\u2010based preconception cohort study of pregnancy planners. Eligible participants self\u2010identified as female, were aged 21\u201345\u2009years, resided in the USA or Canada, and conceived during 12\u2009months of follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07890). Participants completed an enrolment questionnaire during June 2013\u2013September 2021 and bimonthly follow\u2010up questionnaires for up to 12\u2009months or until a reported pregnancy, whichever came first. Pregnant participants completed questionnaires in early (~8\u20139\u2009weeks) and late (~32\u2009weeks) gestation. We assessed antibiotic use, including type (penicillins, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins and macrolides) and indication for use, during the previous 4\u2009weeks on preconception questionnaires. Participants reported pregnancies and SAB on follow\u2010up and pregnancy questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models with gestational weeks as the time scale to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between periconceptional antibiotic use and SAB, controlling for potential demographic, medical, and lifestyle confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen percent (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01537) of pregnancies ended in SAB. Participants reported periconceptional antibiotic use in 8% of pregnancies ending in SAB and 7% not ending in SAB. Periconceptional antibiotic use was not appreciably associated with SAB (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.88, 1.28). We observed no strong associations between antibiotic type, indication for use, or recency of exposure and SAB risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periconceptional antibiotic use was not appreciably associated with SAB in this study. This association is likely complicated by antibiotic type and dosage, timing of conception, and the individual's overall health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T04:04:14Z","timestamp":1666929854000},"page":"179-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Periconceptional antibiotic use and spontaneous abortion: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9164-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly Michelle","family":"Crowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Elliott","family":"Hatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanran R.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Robert","family":"Horsburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen Margrethe","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus N Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Kuohung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren Anne","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3929-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia Kent","family":"Wesselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLINTHERA.2011.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082932"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00404-020-05569-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/CMAJ.161020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-018-2383-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12884-021-03682-Z\/TABLES\/2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198807283190401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00682-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FERTNSTERT.2019.02.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FERTNSTERT.2018.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.7.1878"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0242523"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13542"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1365-2125.2003.01750.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/JAC\/DKG438"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Management of spontaneous abortion","volume":"72","author":"Griebel CP","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIV079"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0028180"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009001-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-87959-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/PDS.772"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-S3-S6\/FIGURES\/8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6000\/1929-6029.2015.04.03.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMUPD\/DMV041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0236036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S40471-018-0172-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/DEAB173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053327"}],"container-title":["Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppe.12931","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ppe.12931","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppe.12931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T03:31:44Z","timestamp":1692675104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppe.12931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppe.12931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12931","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-5022","1365-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-5022","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}