{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:20:15Z","timestamp":1792513215702,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019256","name":"NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based administrative data have rarely been used to compare the birth prevalence, risk factors for occurrence, and mortality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a national birth cohort to identify CDH subtypes and compared their birth prevalence, relationship with maternal age after accounting for sociodemographic factors, and 1\u2010year mortality rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linked hospital admission and death records were used to identify isolated and complex CDH cases (involving additional anomalies) among singleton livebirths in England between 2002 and 2018. The prevalence of each CDH subtype per 10,000 livebirths was estimated overall and by infant, birth and maternal characteristics. The relationship between maternal age and each subtype relative to no CDH was examined using multivariable log\u2010binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs). One\u2010year mortality rates were examined using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves and the hazard ratio (HR) of complex versus isolated CDH was calculated using Cox regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 9.5 million livebirths, we identified 1285 with isolated CDH and 1150 with complex CDH. The overall prevalence of isolated and complex CDH was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 1.4) and 1.2 (95% CI 1.1, 1.3) per 10,000 livebirths, respectively. Only complex CDH was associated with maternal age. Compared with maternal age 25\u201334\u2009years, complex CDH risk was elevated for maternal age\u2009&lt;\u200920\u2009years (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00, 1.72). Risk was highest for maternal age\u2009\u2265\u200940\u2009years (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.21, 2.15) although accounting for chromosomal anomalies attenuated the risk (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.00, 1.92). The 1\u2010year mortality rate for complex CDH (33.1%, 95% CI 30.5, 35.9) was slightly higher than for isolated CDH (29.7%, 95% CI 27.3, 32.3) (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.96, 1.27).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanisms of occurrence differed between and within CDH subtypes and 1\u2010year mortality of complex CDH was slightly higher than for isolated CDH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T15:09:20Z","timestamp":1669648160000},"page":"143-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Congenital diaphragmatic hernia subtypes: Comparing birth prevalence, occurrence by maternal age, and mortality in a national birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Peppa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7853-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca L.","family":"De Stavola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Loukogeorgakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"},{"name":"Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit Great Ormond Street Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1035-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ania","family":"Zylbersztejn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9347-2709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1659-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"De Coppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"},{"name":"Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit Great Ormond Street Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00362-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.028365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000497619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.Health of women before and during pregnancy: health behaviours risk factors and inequalities.2019. 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