{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:14:15Z","timestamp":1780434855264,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm birth (&lt;37 completed gestational weeks) has been linked to pulmonary hypertension (PH), but the relationship to severity of preterm birth has not been studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated associations between extremely (&lt;28\u2009weeks), very (28\u201331\u2009weeks), moderately (32\u201336\u2009weeks) preterm birth, early\u2010term birth (37\u201338\u2009weeks) and later PH. Additionally, we explored associations between birthweight for gestational age and PH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This registry\u2010based cohort study followed 3.1 million individuals born in Sweden (1987\u20132016) from 1 up to a maximum of 30\u2009years of age. The outcome was diagnosis or death from PH in national health registers. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Unadjusted and confounder\u2010adjusted incidence rate differences were also calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 3,142,812 individuals, there were 543 cases of PH (1.2 per 100,000 person\u2010years), 153 of which in individuals without malformations. Compared with individuals born at 39\u2009weeks, adjusted HRs with 95% confidence interval (CI) for PH for extremely, moderately, and very preterm birth were 68.78 (95% CI 49.49, 95.57), 13.86 (95% CI 9.27, 20.72) and 3.42 (95% CI 2.46, 4.74), respectively, and for early\u2010term birth 1.74 (1.31, 2.32). HRs were higher in subjects without malformations. There were 90 additional cases of PH per 100,000 person\u2010years in the extremely preterm group (50 after excluding malformations). Very small for gestational age (below 2 SD from estimated birthweight for gestational age and sex) was also associated with increased risk of PH (adjusted HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.14, 3.57).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found an inverse association between gestational age and later PH, but the incidence and absolute risks are low. The severity of preterm birth adds clinically relevant information to the assessment of cardiovascular risks in childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T02:17:43Z","timestamp":1688696263000},"page":"630-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Severity of preterm birth and the risk of pulmonary hypertension in childhood: A population\u2010based cohort study in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4362-7762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 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