{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:22:19Z","timestamp":1787016139471,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm birth and young maternal age are known risk factors for infant and childhood mortality. There is limited knowledge of the impact of these risk factors in children born with major congenital anomalies (CAs), who have inherently higher risks of death compared with other children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the risk factors for mortality up to age 10\u2009years in children born with specific major CAs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population\u2010based cohort study involved 150,198 livebirths from 1995 to 2014 in 13 European CA registries linked to mortality data. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association of gestational age, maternal age and child's sex with death &lt;1\u2009year and 1\u20139\u2009years for the whole cohort and by CA subgroup. Hazard ratios (HR) from each registry were pooled using multivariate meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm birth had a dose\u2013response association with mortality; compared with infants born at 37+\u2009weeks gestation, those born at &lt;28, 28\u201331 and 32\u201336\u2009weeks had 14.88 (95% CI 12.57, 17.62), 8.39 (95% CI 7.16, 9.85) and 3.88 (95% CI 3.40, 4.43) times higher risk of death &lt;1\u2009year, respectively. The corresponding risks at 1\u20139\u2009years were 4.99 (95% CI 2.94, 8.48), 3.09 (95% CI 2.28, 4.18) and 2.04 (95% CI 1.69, 2.46) times higher, respectively. Maternal age &lt;20\u2009years (versus 20\u201334\u2009years) was a risk factor for death &lt;1\u2009year (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09, 1.54) and 1\u20139\u2009years (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.19, 2.10). Females had 1.22 (95% CI 1.07, 1.39) times higher risk of death between 1 and 9\u2009years than males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm birth was associated with considerably higher infant and childhood mortality in children with CAs, comparable to estimates reported elsewhere for the background population. Additional risk factors included young maternal age and female sex. Information on risk factors could benefit clinical care and guide counselling of parents following CA diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:46:12Z","timestamp":1697071572000},"page":"679-690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk factors for mortality in infancy and childhood in children with major congenital anomalies: A European population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0462-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Research Institute St George's University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana V.","family":"Glinianaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pierini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Coi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Garne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital University Hospital of Southern Denmark  Kolding Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Loane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Ulster University  Coleraine UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4921-1944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Given","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Ulster University  Coleraine UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Brigden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Research Institute St George's University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Ballardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Paediatric Section, IMER Registry (Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Cavero\u2010Carbonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Diseases Research Unit Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermien E. 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