{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T13:57:54Z","timestamp":1780408674774,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004257","name":"Helse Vest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gestational age estimation by second\u2010trimester ultrasound biometry introduces systematic errors due to sex differences in early foetal growth, consequently increasing the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Ultrasound estimation earlier in pregnancy may reduce this bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the distribution of sex ratio by gestational age and estimate the risk of adverse outcomes in male foetuses born early\u2010term and female foetuses born post\u2010term by first\u2010 and second\u2010trimester ultrasound estimations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This population\u2010based study compared two cohorts of births with gestational age based on first\u2010 and second\u2010trimester ultrasound in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway between 2016 and 2020. We used a log\u2010binomial regression model to estimate adjusted relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for Apgar score\u2009&lt;7 at 5\u2009min, umbilical artery pH &lt;7.05, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and respiratory morbidity in relation to foetal sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sex ratio at birth in gestational weeks 36\u201343 showed less male predominance in pregnancies estimated in first compared to second trimester. Any adverse outcome was registered in 627 of 4470 male infants born in gestational weeks 37\u201338 and 618 of 6406 females born \u226541\u2009weeks. Male infants born in weeks 37\u201338 had lower risk of NICU admission (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58, 0.99), Apgar score\u2009&lt;7 at 5\u2009min (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.28, 1.41) and respiratory morbidity (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.37, 1.25) in first\u2010 compared to second\u2010trimester estimations. Female infants estimated in first trimester born \u226541\u2009weeks had lower risk of umbilical artery pH &lt;7.05, NICU admissions and respiratory morbidity; however, CIs were wide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early ultrasound estimation of gestational age may reduce the excess risk of adverse neonatal outcomes and highlight the role of foetal sex and the timing of ultrasound assessment in the clinical evaluation of preterm and post\u2010term pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T22:12:54Z","timestamp":1702419174000},"page":"34-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unveiling sex bias and adverse neonatal outcomes in ultrasound estimation of gestational age: A population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2972-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Einum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linn Marie","family":"S\u00f8rbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy Miodini","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4331-1250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathrine","family":"Ebbing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils\u2010Halvdan","family":"Morken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24888"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","article-title":"Routine ultrasound for fetal assessment before 24\u2009weeks' gestation","volume":"8","author":"Kaelin Agten A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70408-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199509000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21516-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25706-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126645"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-019-0261-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181f3a660"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1129-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767051003728229"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079006435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"KesslerJ AcharyaG EggeboeT HaugenG vonBrandisP.Ultralydunders\u00f8kelser i den alminnelige svangerskapsomsorgen. 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