{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:14:19Z","timestamp":1780503259482,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>No data exist at the population level on what tests are used to aid in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in community practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe autism spectrum disorder testing practices to inform autism spectrum disorder identification efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data are from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, a multi\u2010site surveillance system reporting prevalence estimates and characteristics of 8\u2010year\u2010old children with autism spectrum disorder. Percentages of children with autism spectrum disorder who received any autism spectrum disorder test or a \u2018gold standard\u2019 test were calculated by site, sex, race, median household income, and intellectual ability status. Risk ratios were calculated to compare group differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 5058 8\u2010year\u2010old children with autism spectrum disorder across 11 sites, 3236 (64.0%) had a record of any autism spectrum disorder test and 2136 (42.2%) had a \u2018gold standard\u2019 ADOS or ADI\u2010R test. Overall, 115 children (2.3%) had both the ADOS and ADI\u2010R in their records. Differences persisted across race, median household income, and intellectual ability status. Asian\/Pacific Islander children had the highest percent receiving any ASD test (71.8%; other groups range: 57.4\u201366.0%) and White children had the highest percent receiving \u2018gold standard\u2019 tests (46.4%; other groups range: 35.6\u201343.2%). Children in low\u2010income neighbourhoods had a lower percent of any test (62.5%) and \u2018gold standard\u2019 tests (39.4%) compared to medium (70.2% and 47.5%, respectively) and high (69.6% and 46.8%, respectively) income neighbourhoods. Children with intellectual disability had a lower percent of any ASD test (81.7%) and \u2018gold standard\u2019 tests (52.6%) compared to children without intellectual disability (84.0% and 57.6%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder testing practices vary widely by site and differ by race and presence of co\u2010occurring intellectual disability, suggesting opportunities to standardise and\/or improve autism spectrum disorder identification practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T01:25:30Z","timestamp":1711502730000},"page":"426-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Community testing practices for autism within the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3627-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Robinson\u00a0Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Research and Education  Oak Ridge Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Amoakohene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Maenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Zahorodny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"DiRienzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hall\u2010Lande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise T.","family":"Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6805-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda V.","family":"Bakian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia 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