{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T06:21:58Z","timestamp":1773901318770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI07140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI07140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD87346\u2010RSM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD87346\u2010RSM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32 HD100202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 HD100202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies evaluating the association between the vaginal microbiota and miscarriage have produced variable results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the association between periconceptual and first\u2010trimester vaginal microbiota and women's risk for miscarriage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At monthly preconception visits and at 9\u201312\u2009weeks gestation, women collected vaginal swabs for molecular characterisation of the vaginal microbiota. Participants who became pregnant were followed to identify miscarriage versus pregnancy continuing to at least 20\u2009weeks gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010five women experienced miscarriage and 144 had pregnancies continuing to \u226520\u2009weeks. A principal component analysis of periconceptual and first\u2010trimester vaginal bacteria identified by 16S rRNA gene PCR with next\u2010generation sequencing did not identify distinct bacterial communities with miscarriage versus continuing pregnancy. Using taxon\u2010directed quantitative PCR assays, increasing concentrations of <jats:italic>Megasphaera hutchinsoni<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mageeibacillus indolicus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mobiluncus mulieris<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sneathia sanguinegens\/vaginalis<\/jats:italic> were not associated with miscarriage. In exploratory analyses, these data were examined as a binary exposure to allow for multivariable modelling. Detection of <jats:italic>Mobiluncus mulieris<\/jats:italic> in first\u2010trimester samples was associated with miscarriage (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 4.22). Additional analyses compared women with early first\u2010trimester miscarriage (range 4.7\u20137.3\u2009weeks) to women with continuing pregnancies. <jats:italic>Mobiluncus mulieris<\/jats:italic> was detected in all eight (100%) first\u2010trimester samples from women with early first\u2010trimester miscarriage compared to 101\/192 (52.6%) samples from women with continuing pregnancy (model did not converge). Detection of <jats:italic>Mageeibacillus indolicus<\/jats:italic> in first\u2010trimester samples was also associated with early first\u2010trimester miscarriage (aRR 4.10, 95% CI 1.17, 14.31).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary analyses in this study demonstrated no association between periconceptual or first\u2010trimester vaginal microbiota and miscarriage. Exploratory analyses showing strong associations between first\u2010trimester detection of <jats:italic>Mobiluncus mulieris<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mageeibacillus indolicus<\/jats:italic> and early first\u2010trimester miscarriage suggest the need for future studies to determine if these findings are reproducible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T13:25:32Z","timestamp":1719840332000},"page":"599-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A prospective cohort study examining the association between the periconceptual vaginal microbiota and first\u2010trimester miscarriage in Kenyan women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"R. Scott","family":"McClelland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3285-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica M.","family":"Lokken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kinuthia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Research and Programs Kenyatta National 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