{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:05:54Z","timestamp":1790179554571,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>With wildfires increasing globally due to climate change, children may be more behaviourally exposed and more physiologically vulnerable to adverse health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To complete a comprehensive investigation of epidemiological studies examining respiratory and non\u2010respiratory impacts of wildfires to identify research gaps and inform decision\u2010making to protect children's health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>The databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Selection and Data Extraction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Global epidemiological studies that investigated individuals under the age of 18 and were published from January 2006 to July 2024 were eligible to be included. Studies were included if they had wildfire days, smoke,\u00a0or pollutants as the main exposure and had an outcome related to children's health. Though a meta\u2010analysis was not possible, results were reported qualitatively through summaries of evidence tables and noteworthy results and the magnitude of the associations for each outcome was reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four studies were selected. Sixteen studies examined respiratory outcomes and 11 studies included non\u2010respiratory outcomes. A meta\u2010analysis was not conducted, and consistent conclusions could not be made due to the heterogeneity and the small number of studies. Most respiratory\u2010related studies found positive associations between wildfire exposure and adverse respiratory outcomes. All non\u2010respiratory outcomes, except physical activity, had positive associations with wildfire exposure. For most non\u2010respiratory outcomes, only one study evaluated each outcome. Higher\u2010risk children were asthmatic, obese, under the age of five, in low\u2010income countries or with a low socio\u2010economic status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is consistent evidence that wildfire exposure is associated with adverse respiratory health in children, globally. There is less consistent evidence for the effect of wildfire exposure on non\u2010respiratory outcomes. Further long\u2010term research on non\u2010respiratory outcomes in children, specifically physical activity, academic success and mental health is needed, especially in high\u2010risk populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T16:53:18Z","timestamp":1738255998000},"page":"110-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The effect of wildfire smoke on children's health: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6403-7729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment  Sacramento California 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