{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:12:01Z","timestamp":1775869921357,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limited longitudinal data exist on the associations of infertility with depressive symptoms across the lifecourse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate how depressive symptoms change across specific life stages (pregnancy, postpartum, and midlife), with a focus on the differences between women with and without a history of infertility before index pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women enrolled in Project Viva (1999\u20132002) during early pregnancy (mean [SD] age 32.5 [4.7] years) completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in mid\u2010pregnancy (median 27.9\u2009weeks gestation) and at 6\u2009months postpartum, and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ\u20109) in midlife (2017\u20132021, 50.9 [5.1] years). We converted EPDS and PHQ\u20109 scores to externally standardised T\u2010scores (mean\u2009=\u200950, SD\u2009=\u200910). We defined infertility before index pregnancy as \u2265\u20096\u2009cycles to achieve pregnancy if \u2265\u200935\u2009years of age or\u2009\u2265\u200912\u2009cycles to achieve pregnancy if &lt;\u200935\u2009years of age, or claims for infertility treatments or prescriptions abstracted from medical records. We performed adjusted linear regression models to examine associations of infertility with depressive symptoms across the three\u2010time spans (pregnancy\u2010postpartum, postpartum\u2010midlife, and pregnancy\u2010midlife).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1368 participants, 281 (21%) experienced infertility at index pregnancy. Infertility was associated with a 1.83\u2010 point increase in depressive symptoms (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\u2010score) between the postpartum period and midlife (adjusted  1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00, 3.66). Infertility was unrelated to change in depressive symptoms between pregnancy and postpartum (adjusted  0.02, 95% CI \u22121.24, 1.28) or pregnancy and midlife (adjusted  1.30, \u22120.64, 3.23).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The experience of infertility among parous women is associated with a greater increase in depressive symptoms between the post\u2010partum period and midlife.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T18:59:22Z","timestamp":1746125962000},"page":"456-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations of Infertility With Depressive Symptom Change Across Specific Life Stages (Pregnancy, Postpartum, and Midlife) Among Parous Women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4453-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"P\u00e9rez Capotosto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William F. Connell School of Nursing Boston College  Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1424-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann Wolbert","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William F. Connell School of Nursing Boston College  Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0033-920X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheryl L.","family":"Rifas\u2010Shiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7390-5247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Fitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7116-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Shifren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4436-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Chavarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2513-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Oken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13953"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.08.970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"M.Perez Capotosto D. 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