{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:03:02Z","timestamp":1790596982429,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005860","name":"Helsefonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21\u2010B\u20100186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\u2010B\u20100186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009898","name":"Beckett-Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21\u20102\u20106912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\u20102\u20106912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012526","name":"Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Aarhus Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012526","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008340","name":"Elsass Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21\u20103\u20100256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\u20103\u20100256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008340","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early\u2010onset neonatal infections are among the most common neonatal diseases. However, the long\u2010term outcomes of the infections are not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the association between early\u2010onset neonatal infection and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nationwide register\u2010based cohort study was conducted, including near\u2010term and term children born between 1997 and 2013 with follow\u2010up until 2021. An early\u2010onset infection was defined as an invasive bacterial infection occurring within the first week of life, including both physician\u2010assigned diagnoses and positive bacterial cultures. ADHD and ASD were defined by diagnoses or prescriptions of relevant medication. Associations between sepsis and the neurodevelopmental disorders were investigated using multivariable Cox regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR), whereas associations with meningitis were examined using person\u2010time incidence rate ratios (IRR). Sibling\u2010matched analyses were also conducted for associations with sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 981,869 children were included, with 8154 defined as having sepsis and 152 defined as having meningitis. Among these, only 257 children had culture\u2010positive sepsis, whereas 32 had culture\u2010positive meningitis. The incidence rate of ADHD and ASD for children with sepsis was 4.5 per 1000 and 3.3 per 1000 person\u2010years, respectively. Sepsis was associated with an increased adjusted likelihood of both ADHD (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17, 1.39) and ASD (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.30, 1.58). However, sibling\u2010matched analyses especially attenuated the association with ADHD (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.93, 1.34). Point estimates suggested that children with meningitis also had an increased likelihood of both ADHD (IRR 1.77, 95% CI 0.88, 3.17) and ASD (IRR 2.05, 95% CI 0.89, 4.04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early\u2010onset sepsis was associated with an increased likelihood of ASD, whereas the majority of the association with ADHD could be explained by unmeasured shared familial confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:09:24Z","timestamp":1750219764000},"page":"588-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Early\u2010Onset Neonatal Infection and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9682-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mads","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels Bjerreg\u00e5rd","family":"Matthiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Murra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lillebaelt Hospital  Vejle Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine Yde","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lillebaelt Hospital  Vejle Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine Brink","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390\u2010020\u20100785\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild\u20102017\u2010313203"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0593"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000906"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild\u20102020\u2010320217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010024\u201004977\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010021\u201001198\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215\u20100366(21)00395\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.6401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787\u2010021\u201001748\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215\u20100366(19)30181\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215\u20100366(20)30312\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562\u2010023\u201001530\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010018\u20100356\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/clep.S179083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"H.Stanchev 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