{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T13:29:58Z","timestamp":1761830998791,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While individual socioeconomic attributes have been widely studied in relation to child growth, the associations with broader, area\u2010level socio\u2010demographic characteristics of residential areas have not been thoroughly assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the associations between area\u2010level socio\u2010demographic features of small residential areas and child growth trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a population\u2010based retrospective cohort study, including all children born in Israel from 2004 to 2018, who underwent postnatal follow\u2010up in the Mother and Child Health Clinics (MCHC) of the Ministry of Health. The MCHC network covers a significant proportion of the Israeli paediatric population, providing vaccination and developmental assessments to children up to 6\u2009years old. Socio\u2010demographic scoring was retrieved from the Israel Bureau of Statistics' geographical unit grading system, established for 990 rural areas and 1629 micro\u2010geographical areas in 81 cities, using various population measurements. Height\u2010for\u2010age (HAZ) and weight\u2010for\u2010age (WAZ)\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores were calculated using data from MCHC visits at birth and specific intervals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1,485,198 children were included (51.3% male). The mean birthweight and length were 3210\u2009\u00b1\u200952.2\u2009g (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.22) and 49.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.33\u2009cm (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.06), respectively. Children resided in low (47%), intermediate (24.4%) and high (28.5%) socioeconomic areas. Throughout follow\u2010up, children from low SES areas had consistently lower HAZ and WAZ scores across all birthweight groups, particularly among those with normal and high birthweight. In linear mixed\u2010effects models, birth HAZ and WAZ scores were higher in high vs. low SES areas (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.3 and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1, respectively), with non\u2010linear growth trajectories characterised by early advantages in higher SES groups, a plateau in mid\u2010childhood and renewed growth acceleration later in childhood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study provides evidence of impaired child growth in lower socio\u2010demographic areas. This underscores the importance of identifying areas based on global attributes to identify regions predisposed to child growth impairment, particularly in developed nations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T10:29:29Z","timestamp":1754130569000},"page":"601-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Residential Socio\u2010Demographic Scoring and Child Growth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4919-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ornit","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Authority, Wolfson Medical Center  Holon Israel"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1694-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalya","family":"Bilenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Ministry of Health  Ashkelon Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eytan","family":"Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Clalit Health Services Southern District  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1820-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Clalit Health Services Southern District  Beer\u2010Sheva 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