{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T15:51:59Z","timestamp":1770565919908,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009566","name":"Livsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["331640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["331640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Familial and environmental factors contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Prenatal psychotropic exposure may influence the risk of NDDs in children. As these medications are prescribed to women with mental disorders, which are genetically and environmentally linked to NDDs, accounting for familial confounding is essential when studying medication safety in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the prevalence of NDDs in pregnant women using psychotropics, their partners, and their previous children, with those not using these medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included data from the most recent pregnancy of Norwegian women with mental disorders who gave birth between 2010 and 2018, using Norwegian registries. Maternal psychotropic use included antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and sedatives, as recorded in the Norwegian Prescription Database. NDDs were identified using ICD\u201010 codes for intellectual disabilities, language\/scholastic disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, and attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Modified Poisson regression estimated crude and adjusted relative risks (aRRs) for the association between psychotropic use and family history of NDDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 27,638 women. Among psychotropic users, NDDs prevalence was 9.6% in women, 5.4% in partners, and 10.0% in previous children, compared to 5.7%, 4.6%, and 8.0% in non\u2010users, respectively. ADHD was the most prevalent NDD. Psychotropic use in pregnancy was associated with any NDD, particularly ADHD, in the women [any NDD aRR 1.77 (95% CI 1.60, 1.95); ADHD aRR 1.79 (95% CI 1.61, 1.98)], previous children [any NDD aRR 1.25 (95% CI 1.07, 1.47); ADHD aRR 1.26 (95% CI 1.02, 1.54)], and partners [any NDD aRR 1.21 (95% CI 1.06, 1.37); ADHD aRR 1.22 (95% CI 1.07, 1.39)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal psychotropic use was associated with a higher prevalence of NDDs in mothers and their previous children, highlighting the need to account for familial neurodevelopmental patterns to distinguish the effects of psychotropics from underlying genetic or familial factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T16:11:12Z","timestamp":1761840672000},"page":"97-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Families of Women Taking Psychotropic Medication During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7394-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akhila Srinivas","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"UiO:RealArt Convergence Environment University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4853-4434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marleen M. H. J.","family":"van Gelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"UiO:RealArt Convergence Environment University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"IQ Health Science Department Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9578-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie Willoch","family":"Olstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"UiO:RealArt Convergence Environment University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9851-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Gervin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"UiO:RealArt Convergence Environment University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"von Koss Torkildsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UiO:RealArt Convergence Environment University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Special Needs Education University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Research on Equality in Education University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6361-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hedvig","family":"Nordeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"UiO:RealArt Convergence Environment University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Child Health and Development Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.029132"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","article-title":"Association of Maternal Use of Benzodiazepines and Z\u2010Hypnotics During Pregnancy With Motor and Communication Skills and Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Preschoolers","volume":"2","author":"Chambers C. 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