{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T18:07:55Z","timestamp":1779473275049,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antidepressant switching is often indicative of treatment dissatisfaction; however, data regarding patterns, associated factors and timing of switching in children and adolescents remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine switching patterns of antidepressant use and predictors of switching in Australian children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents aged 5\u201318\u2009years who initiated antidepressants between 2014 and 2022 was conducted, using a 10% random sample of the national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme dispensing data. We determined the proportions of initiators who switched between antidepressants within 12\u2009months of initiation. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the risk of switching by patient characteristic factors, and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 44,381 child and adolescent antidepressant initiators, the most commonly initiated antidepressant being fluoxetine. Approximately one in six children and adolescents aged 5\u201318\u2009years at initiation (15.0%) switched to a different antidepressant within the first 12\u2009months. Most switches were to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Individuals with a commonwealth healthcare concession card were less likely to switch antidepressants within 12\u2009months (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.96). Females (aHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17, 1.31), those starting with antidepressants other than fluoxetine and concurrent anxiolytic users were more likely to switch.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Switching between antidepressants is a common practice among children and adolescents in Australia, with most switches occurring during the early phases of treatment and primarily to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. A better understanding of the reasons for switching is important for informing tailored management approaches and improving treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T13:41:03Z","timestamp":1766756463000},"page":"352-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Switching Patterns of Antidepressant Treatment in Children and Adolescents in Australia, 2014\u20132022: A Retrospective Population\u2010Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4286-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizat M.","family":"Kassie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Ilomaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8781-6031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Raven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon N.","family":"Jureidini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke E.","family":"Grzeskowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.3221"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.0846"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12333"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"D.Lawrence S.Johnson J.Hafekost et\u00a0al. \u201cThe Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: Report on the Second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing \u201dDepartment of Health 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health Care Excellence \u201cDepression in Children and Young People: Identification and Management. NICE Guidelines \u201d(2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"Therapeutic Guidelines","author":"Therapeutic Guidelines Limited","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) \u201cAntidepressant Utilisation and Risk of Suicide in Young People: Safety Investigation 2021 \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.tga.gov.au\/resources\/publication\/publications\/antidepressant\u2010utilisation\u2010and\u2010risk\u2010suicide\u2010young\u2010people."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674221079740"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.7965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51948"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02433-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-012-1233-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.23746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1657-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14149"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.5.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bja.2021.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30137-1"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"43384","article-title":"Acceptability of Second\u2010Line Antidepressant Medications Using Filled Prescription Sequences in a Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"83","author":"Ouazana\u2010Vedrines C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","unstructured":"CDoHa \u201cThe Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme\u00a02025 \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.pbs.gov.au\/browse\/medicine\u2010listing."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0836-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Viswanathan S. 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