{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T14:10:56Z","timestamp":1779977456696,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31HD111310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31HD111310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRSA MCH Bureau T76MC28446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRSA MCH Bureau T76MC28446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research has shown an association between neighbourhood context and adverse birth outcomes, but with high heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the degree to which social support buffers against the adverse effects of neighbourhood deprivation on preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a secondary analysis of data from the nuMoM2b (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers\u2010To\u2010Be) longitudinal cohort study, which recruited participants between 2010 and 2013. We estimated prevalence differences (PD) for area deprivation index (ADI) and for social support with each adverse birth outcome, and we evaluated whether the effect of ADI was modified by perceived social support; we additionally stratified by race\/ethnicity. All models were adjusted for maternal age and education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our analytic sample included\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098377 participants. Among the birth outcomes we investigated, high social support had the strongest association with preterm birth. Participants reporting high social support had three fewer cases of preterm birth per 100 pregnancies (PD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.03, 95% CI \u22120.05, 0.00), compared to participants reporting low or moderate social support. The only evidence of high social support buffering against the harmful effects of neighbourhood deprivation was seen with SGA. Among participants with low or moderate social support, a 25\u2010percentile increase in ADI was associated with two excess cases of SGA per 100 pregnancies (PD\u2009=\u20090.02, 95% CI \u22120.01, 0.04); whereas among participants with high social support, there was a null effect (PD\u2009=\u20090.00, 95% CI \u22120.01, 0.01). This effect modification was seen mostly among non\u2010Hispanic White individuals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social support might offer some protection against the effects of neighbourhood deprivation on SGA, perhaps more so for non\u2010Hispanic White people. However, we did not find evidence of social support buffering against the effects of neighbourhood deprivation on preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T04:44:57Z","timestamp":1768193097000},"page":"529-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Social Support as a Buffer Against Adverse Birth Outcomes Among People Experiencing Neighbourhood Deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0554-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith A.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchitra","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6372-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Center for Rural Health and Health Disparities, School of Medicine Mercer University  Macon Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3905-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ten\u00e9 T.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope P.","family":"Howards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501103120204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"S2\u201062","article-title":"Closing the Black\u2010White Gap in Birth Outcomes: A Life\u2010Course Approach","volume":"20","author":"Lu M. 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