{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:03:33Z","timestamp":1785441813558,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD100201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD100201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32HD108857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32HD108857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD108041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD108041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007813","name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI027757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007813","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NR019220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NR019220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01MH137324\u2010A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01MH137324\u2010A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence gaps remain regarding the influence of perinatal depression on mother\u2013child engagement and child social\u2013emotional development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed relationships between perinatal depression, mother\u2013child engagement and child social\u2013emotional development among Kenyan mother\u2013child pairs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mother\u2013child pairs attending maternal\u2010child health services in four sites in Western Kenya were followed from pregnancy through early childhood. Study nurses serially assessed perinatal depression (pregnancy, 6\u2009weeks, and 9\u2009months postpartum with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, CESD\u201010 scores \u2265\u200910), mother\u2013child engagement activities (6\u2010monthly, 24 to 60\u2009months post\u2010delivery with UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys) and child social\u2013emotional delay (6\u2010monthly, 30 to 60\u2009months post\u2010delivery with Ages and Stages Questionnaires). We estimated prevalence and correlates of low mother\u2013child engagement and social\u2013emotional delay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 884 mothers, the median age was 26\u2009years (IQR 22.0, 30.3), 91.6% were married, and 36.8% had perinatal depression. High mother\u2013child engagement (\u2265\u20094 activities in the prior 3\u2009days) ranged from 27.1% to 94.1% from 24 to 60\u2009months post\u2010delivery. The frequency of child social\u2013emotional delay ranged from 26.6% at 30\u2009months to 4.4% at 60\u2009months. Low mother\u2013child engagement at any point (&lt;\u20094 activities) was more common among women with perinatal depression (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 1.33) and was associated with twice the risk of child social\u2013emotional delay (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.78, 2.77). Mothers who reported adverse childhood experiences (ACES) (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04, 1.11) and intimate partner violence (IPV) (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11, 1.47) interacted less frequently with their children than women without these experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort of Kenyan mother\u2013child pairs followed from pregnancy through childhood, perinatal depressive symptoms were associated with lower mother\u2013child engagement, which was associated with double the risk of child social\u2013emotional delay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T08:47:21Z","timestamp":1775119641000},"page":"577-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perinatal Depression, Maternal Engagement and Child Social\u2013Emotional Development: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kinuthia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Programs Kenyatta National Hospital  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Abuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia C.","family":"Dettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Marwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Ngumbau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Programs Kenyatta National Hospital  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nairobi  Nairobi 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