{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:03:27Z","timestamp":1790751807611,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1114766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1114766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012665","name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational studies suggest an association between severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and asthma, but it is unclear if this relationship is causal or confounded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated this relationship using calendar time at birth as a source of quasi\u2010random variation with respect to individual\u2010level risk factors for severe RSV infection. We similarly examined influenza (another respiratory virus) and rotavirus (a negative control exposure).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed province\u2010wide linked administrative data for 1,437,731 infants born in Ontario, Canada, from 2002\u20132013 (which facilitated 5\u2009years of follow\u2010up for asthma). We ascertained whether each infant experienced an RSV, influenza, and\/or rotavirus hospitalisation (and the weekly incidences of RSV, influenza,\u00a0and rotavirus hospitalisation among infants), and whether each child had asthma at 5\u2009years of age. We used regression models to investigate the relationships between: (i) infant ages during the weeks with the highest incidences of RSV, influenza,\u00a0and rotavirus hospitalisation and paediatric asthma; (ii) weekly incidences of RSV, influenza, and rotavirus hospitalisation and probability of paediatric asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed the highest odds of asthma among infants aged 13\u201316\u2009weeks during the RSV peak, 11\u201313\u2009weeks during the influenza peak, and 16\u201319\u2009weeks during the rotavirus peak. The relationship between weekly incidence of RSV hospitalisation and probability of paediatric asthma was small in magnitude; we estimated a 3.15 (95% confidence interval \u22120.07, 6.36) percentage\u2010point change in probability of paediatric asthma per 1 percentage\u2010point change in weekly incidence of RSV hospitalisation among infants (offset by 13\u2009weeks, which was the infant age at RSV peak that conferred maximum crude odds of paediatric asthma). Additionally, an unexpected relationship between rotavirus seasonal variation and asthma emerged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found evidence supporting a limited causal role that did not fully explain the relationship between RSV and asthma. Other mechanisms, including seasonal factors, may contribute to previously reported associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:18:56Z","timestamp":1787224736000},"page":"811-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Relationship Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Asthma Using Calendar Time at Birth as a Source of Quasi\u2010Random Variation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2337-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Dimitris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Feikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Sparrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES Ontario  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES Ontario  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Public Health Ontario  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5286-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Buchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES Ontario  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Public Health Ontario  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Savitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Brown University  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Brunwasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Rowan University  Glassboro New\u00a0Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deshayne B.","family":"Fell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1986.02140200053026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00478-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.505126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.020416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0804877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013\u20100303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019\u20103611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piz087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2005.00298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30055-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-017-0215-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.01.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30109-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1471OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00009314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-014-0513-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.542744"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1812OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2000.00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00811-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200804-579OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13542"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piad045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada \u201cTable\u00a017\u201010\u20100005\u201001 Population Estimates on July 1 by Age and Gender \u201daccessed March 2026 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25318\/1710000501\u2010eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada \u201cTable\u00a013\u201010\u20100429\u201001 Live Births and Fetal Deaths (Stillbirths) by Place of Birth (Hospital or Non\u2010Hospital) \u201daccessed March 2026 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25318\/1310042901\u2010eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"ICES \u201cICES Data Dictionary \u201daccessed July 2026 https:\/\/datadictionary.ices.on.ca\/Applications\/DataDictionary\/Default.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31828d0590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000222409.00878.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61051-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1412-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/963098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2005.00346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0192809","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192809","article-title":"Rotavirus Vaccine Coverage and Factors Associated With Uptake Using Linked Data: Ontario, Canada","volume":"13","author":"Wilson S. E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02685-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008229"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.S1.233"}],"container-title":["Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppe.70168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ppe.70168","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppe.70168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:39:11Z","timestamp":1790750351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppe.70168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppe.70168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.70168","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-5022","1365-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-5022","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}