{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:02:04Z","timestamp":1790751724062,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01\u2010ES034005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01\u2010ES034005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201200007C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201200007C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201300026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201300026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Male preconception health remains a critically under\u2010addressed area of family planning. While research suggests air pollution may harm semen quality, downstream impacts on pregnancy, particularly for more vulnerable infertility treatment populations, are understudied.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Among couples seeking infertility treatment, we examined the relationship between men's exposure to ambient air pollution and intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycle treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In the Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation Trial (2013\u20132018), 592 male partners resided in the Salt Lake City area with at least one IUI cycle in 9\u2009months of follow\u2010up (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091223\u2009cycles). Residential air pollution exposure was estimated using Community Multiscale Air Quality models and averaged across the 74\u2010day window of spermatogenesis prior to the insemination date, as well as across developmental windows of mitosis, meiosis I\u2010II, spermiogenesis, and spermiation. Treatment\u2010cycle probabilities of hCG+ pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and livebirth were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models adjusted for age, season, income, and co\u2010pollutants (fine particulate matter [PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n ], nitrogen dioxide [NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ], ozone [O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n ], and sulfur dioxide [SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ]).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In multivariable models, we observed a lower probability of pregnancy per 5\u2009ppb increase in O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n and NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n across the 74\u2010day spermatogenesis window (relative risk [RR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55, 0.93; RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.50, 1.05, respectively), with associations noted during mitosis and meiosis. PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n and SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n were less consistently associated with IUI outcomes. Findings from mixture models were similar, as were findings for air pollutants and a lower probability of live birth. No clear patterns emerged between air pollutants and pregnancy loss.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Ambient air pollution during spermatogenesis, especially during mitosis and meiosis, was associated with a lower chance of pregnancy and live birth in an IUI treatment population. Further understanding pathways between men's air pollution exposure and pregnancy and live birth is an important future research need.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n identifier: NCT01857310\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:20:06Z","timestamp":1785885606000},"page":"774-784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Critical Windows of Air Pollution Exposure During Spermatogenesis and Intrauterine Insemination Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7639-8655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey M.","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Richard","family":"Pilsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0618-056X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Canty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil J.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5330-2844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Mendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1771-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen C.","family":"Schliep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Health Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Health Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael B.","family":"Hemmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Health Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Vanderslice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Health Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Matthew","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Health Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica B.","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Health Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0176-3480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaniz","family":"Rabeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2182-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie","family":"Nobles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182a702c5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2024.2391466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7528901"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmad033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Northwestern Medicine \u201cIUI vs. IVF: Which Is Right for You? 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